The Island in Lord of the Flies by Golding Compared to our...

Research shows that half of the children in our world have been or are being bullied. Out of all those children bullied only one out of ten of them will report it. The dictionary defines bullying as â€Å"unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated over time† (Bully Definition† 1). Bullies have many characteristics such as rivalry, competitive behavior, and aggression. In Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, Jack can be considered the antagonist because he has many characteristics of a bully. One of the lines that stuck out was â€Å"Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!† (Golding, William† 152). Right†¦show more content†¦They are able to get power because society gives more recognition to negativity. Bullying is just one way that people get others attention (â€Å"Bullying Statistics† 1-2). Kids who bully tend to use priority and strength. They also try to get their hands on someone else’s personal or embarrassing information or use their own popularity to hurt others (â€Å"Bullying Definition† 1). Having this imbalance of power causes many people to think highly of themselves. Bullying is one of the leading causes in teen suicide today. People bullied in the past or present have been studied and it has shown that they have a lower quality of life. Though they have a lower quality of life, the have better physical and mental health. (â€Å"Seaman† 1). Studies have shown that most bullying happens in middle school and high school. There is bullying in elementary school but it is minimal and less serious (â€Å"Bullying Statistics† 1). Most kids refuse to speak up while being bullied in fear that the bully will just taunt them more (â€Å"Cyber-Safety Act† 2). Bullying has become a very serious issue regarding our society today. Bullying i s a major issue in today’s society just as it was amongst the boys on the island. On the island the boys were constantly fighting, which soon separates them into two separate groups. There are many fights, which leads to some characters dying a very brutal death. The younger boys of the group always insist there is a â€Å"beastie†Show MoreRelatedLord of the Flies- Evil948 Words   |  4 PagesEvery human being is savage at heart, no matter how hard they try to oppress it. Evil is an instinct, a part of human kind, but what exactly is evil and what defines it? Mr. Golding believes that evil is intrinsic to human beings; he shows some examples of evil in the Lord of the Flies, in a form called bullying. Bullying increases the bully’s self-confidence, while it lowers the victim’s, in this case Jack harass Piggy to increase his self-assurance. Humans have two desires that conflict with eachRead MoreLord Of The Flies Deep Book Review Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord Of The Flies Deep Book Review The book, Lord Of The Flies is a very well known and classic book that many high schools have their students read. It is a thought-provoking book that received large masses of attention after its’ publication in 1954. Many critics and scholars compared it to the work of Shakespeare, Conrad and some other world-renowned writers. The author William Golding planned to â€Å"trace the defect of society back to the defect of human nature.† By finishing this book,Read MoreEssay on A Comparison of The Destructors and Lord of the Flies2333 Words   |  10 PagesA Comparison of The Destructors and Lord of the Flies      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Graham Greenes The Destructors, the author presents the Wormsley Common car-park gang, a group of adolescent delinquents who commit petty crimes for fun. William Golding, in his novel Lord of the Flies, presents a slightly younger group of boys who are wrecked on an uninhabited island and develop a primitive society that eventually collapses and gives way to despotic savagery. Although these two casesRead MoreLord of the Flies by William Golding2631 Words   |  10 PagesThe English novelist William Golding often reflects on the common theme of man’s savagery and inability to avoid one’s evil and primitive nature. Man often tries to avoid this return to a basic state just like the boys in Lord of the Flies: â€Å"Weve got to have rules and obey them. After all, were not savages. Were English, and the English are best at everything† (40). One cannot escape the inevitable however as seen in Golding’s next novel, The Inheritors: â€Å"They killed Nil and threw her into theRead MoreThe Concept Of State Of Nature918 Words   |  4 Pagessome of our freedom in exchange for security, An example of social contract would be speeding. Yes, many people would love to go well over the speed limit, but we wouldn’t want everyone doing the same thing in fear of our safety. Therefor we give up speeding for safety and agree to be governed by police that enforce speeding laws that everyone is required to follow. Some philosophers have compared Hobbes’ state of nature to a famous novel written by William Golding that is called â€Å"Lord of the Flies†Read MoreLord of the Flies compared to The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.1900 Words   |  8 PagesLord of the Flies compared to The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In today’s society, everyone must learn to take care of something or someone, and that is a responsibility that they must uphold. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and Lord of the Flies, the responsibility of the boys is to manage by themselves without any parental guidance or any source of established authority. The events in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn can be easily compared to those of Lord of the Flies mostly becauseRead MoreEssay about Dystopian Characteristics in Society Today1852 Words   |  8 Pagesimagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one. Lord of the Flies, a novel that is realistic is the fact that it parallels with the real world. The moral that Golding was taking example of was the evil inside all of us. He created this novel to express dystopia, which was how boys were stuck on an island and how they created their own â€Å"government† which was nothing but to av oid the beast they thought was amongst them. SimonRead MoreThe Cinematic Interpretations of The Lord of the Flies by William Golding3305 Words   |  14 PagesThe Cinematic Interpretations of The Lord of the Flies by William Golding The two cinematic versions of William Goldings Lord of the Flies are very different. They still both deal dramatically with the basic theme, of a group of boys who have come from a strict and ordered background to becoming like savages, hunting, and killing like blood-thirsty animals. The book deals with issues which relate to the Cold War between the United States of America and Russia which is Read MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pages............................ 4 Adventurers and Explorers: Amelia Earhart (Female Aviation Pioneer) ................................................................................................ 5 Christopher Columbus (â€Å"Discoverer† of the New World?)........................................................................ 7 Sacajawea (Mysterious Native American Guide) ....................................................................................... 9 Artists, Authors, and Musicians: Bob

Women s Rights For Women - 1465 Words

Women’s rights in America in late 1800’s women’s right to vote women in medicine and the equal rights for women are the 3 main points that were big in the 1800’s. Women’s rights to vote women couldn’t vote back in the late 1800’s. Women had to stay home and take care of the children, cook and clean the house and when their husbands get home take care of them too. Although women had to do all those things they were not paid equal for the things they did. Women were told it is not job to vote that it is a man’s job to do the voting and women to take care of everything else. Gaining the vote for American women, known as woman suffrage, was the single largest enfranchisement and extension of democratic rights in our nation’s history. Along†¦show more content†¦Second women in medicine until the 19th century women were excluded from almost all professional medicine. Yet they provided almost all medical care. Ordinary people could not afford qualified doctors, treatment and care were provided by the woman of the house, or by a local woman skilled in the art of healing. In prehistoric, hunter-gatherer soc ieties, women could not hunt if they were bearing or caring for children, so they collected plants and grubs. It is probable that the women had greater knowledge of the healing powers of herbs, although evidence is slight. Mothers passed down their knowledge to their daughters. In Western Europe, especially skilled healers were highly respected as ‘cunning’ wise women. Sometimes their herbal knowledge was confused with witchcraft. As most people were illiterate, there are very few records of women s huge contribution to medicine. The surviving records were written by men, and concentrate on the all-male medical profession. In the 19th century there was a dramatic change in the status of women. Until this time, men controlled all ‘civilized’ societies. In Christian countries men used arguments from the Bible to justify women s inferior status. Women were expected to be housewives and mothers, and were deliberately excluded from almost all other types of work . For example, by the 17th century, even professional midwives were male. In 19th-century Europe, women began to enter the male-dominated world. InShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesa myriad of women have expressed through outlets such as public assemblies, literature, and speeches. There have been three waves of the women’s movement, each targeting a variety of issues within each era. The third wave was in 1995, where Hillary Clinton spoke in Beijing, China, claiming that women’s rights were the same as human rights, that every aspiring girl deserved the civil liberties that every man was given around the world. Moreover, the movement had shifted towards women in developingRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1265 Words   |  6 Pagesstands in the way of women being equal to men? Journalist Carlin Flora suggests the following, â€Å"While not all claims to humanity are universal and no one context, culture or continent can truly repr esent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts, cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are still seenRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women881 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty –first century ladies are discovering it a daunting task to keep up both sexual orientation parts as an aftereffect of the women s activist development. They are presently assuming liability for both the supplier and the nurturer, battling like never before to acquire and keep a superior personal satisfaction. Woman s rights has supported in equivalent vocation opportunity, battling to get ladies acknowledged into the employment advertise, and what initially began as ladies strengtheningRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesthe early 1920’s, women thought they had ac hieved the unachievable. They could finally work, keep their earned wages, marry whomever they please, and even vote. After reaching their goal and fighting vigorously, women could taste equality and the freedom they deserved. While women still have the right to work in today’s society, women are not exactly treated equal in the workplace. Regardless of the past and the extreme measures taken to ensure equal opportunities for both men and women, there are manyRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1920s, women were ignored in every aspect of their life. From politics, to social situations, women were constantly looked at as lesser. The 20s was a decade of women ready to fight for their rights. From gaining social freedoms, to getting political rights, the 20s was the first decade of feminism. Many women played key roles in the fight for women s rights through speeches, marches, and much more. The women that fought for their rights in the 1920s complete ly changed how women live their livesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1230 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s suffrage has stretched from the 1800’s to present day, as women have struggled to have the same civil and constitutional rights as men in politics and be appreciated as equals in the workforce. Groups of women known as suffragists questioned the customary views of women’s roles. Eventually our nation has evolved and realized that male-controlled societies suppress women’s rights. From the beginning steps taken in 1850 to 2013 with women earning combat roles in the military, women’s rolesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1206 Words   |  5 Pagesto speak of women and the role of women in this election, the subject of women is tiresome but necessary in a world where gender is still existent as an obstacle for most. I cannot identify what woman is. I am basing my definition from our modern understanding of woman, our general view, and the popular experience. People are using younger women voting for Bernie Sanders as proof of gender’s irrelevant in this election, that women have achieved their rights. Even if women ‘have rights now’ it doesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1393 Words   |  6 Pages Women all over the world are being treated different than men. Iran is one of the places that women are being treated the worst. From restrictions to punishments, women in Iran are being treated with no respect, and that is not okay. Women’s rights activists have tried to get it to change, and have traveled to many places to try and get more people to join their movement. There are many issues with women not having the same rights as men. One of the main problems is that they are treated lessRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1272 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, women have fought a strenuous battle for equal rights. Many men, and even some women, all over the world believe that women do not share the same value and importance to society as men do. On September 5, 1995, Hillary Clinton spoke at the 4th World Conference on Women, on behalf of women all over the world. Clinton raised awareness on how women s rights are being violated and why it is important to recognize women s rights as equal to everyone else’s rights. Even today, in 2016Read MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe family has traditionally been the basic unit of Chinese society where women have long been charged with upholding society s values in their roles as wives and mothers. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, women were required to balance society s i deals with the reality of raising a family and maintaining a household. Throughout the imperial period and into the beginning of the twentieth century, the relationship among family members was prescribed by Confucian teachings. The revered philosopher

Types I and II Diabetes - 1085 Words

There are some diseases people can overcome with the right treatment; however, there are some diseases that are a life long battle even with a treatment. An excellent example is diabetes. There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed in adulthood. Type 1 diabetes is important but it only affects a small amount of the population mainly adolescence while Type 2 diabetes affects a large portion of the population making it more of a priority. The first step into understanding any disease is to find out how it is caused, its onset of symptoms, and finally the cure or treatment for it, but diabetes is one of many diseases without a cure. Diabetes is a life long†¦show more content†¦Treatment of type 2 diabetes primarily involves monitoring of your blood sugar, along with diabetes medications, insulin or both. In order to avoid complications of the diabetes, a healthy lifestyle and diet is important keepi ng and eye on your blood sugar levels are all keys to managing diabetes. In addition, maintaining a healthy weight through a healthy eating and regular physical activities. Healthy eating includes following the food pyramid whiles reducing the intake of salt, sugars and fats. Physical activity may include running on a treadmill, playing basketball or even walking. Even with managing diabetes by taking medicine and living a healthy life style, visiting a doctor regularly is very important to ensure that the diabetes is under control (Ferry). In summation, diabetes is a constant battle with no end. In this current time, diabetes can only be treated but cannot be cured. Diabetes is not a simple disease as there are two types. The two type of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. They both affect two different age groups in the population. Type 1 affects the adolescence and type 2 affects adults in their late years. As with many diseases, the understanding of diabetes is continuous but many f actors are known as how diabetes occurs in the body. With such understanding, diagnosis of diabetes is able to be done properly and the right type of diabetes is also established. By way of diagnosis, the right treatment can beShow MoreRelatedA Nursing Guide For Type I And II Diabetes2290 Words   |  10 PagesA Nursing Guide to Type I and II Diabetes Introduction: Diabetes is a disease in which the body is not able to properly store and utilize glucose. The un-utilized glucose is then left to circulate through the body in the blood stream causing hyperglycemia (Joslin, 2014). There are two main types of diabetes: Type I Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type I) and Type II Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type II). In Type I diabetes, the body is not able to produce Insulin, a hormone thatRead MoreCauses of Type I and II Diabetes Essay544 Words   |  3 PagesDiabetes is a group of diseases caused by high blood glucose levels that come from deficiencies in the bodys ability to produce and use insulin. There are a few main causes of diabetes. There’s two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. In Type 1 diabetes the diagnosis is often made in children and young adults, and was formerly known as juvenile diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is where your body does not produce insulin at all. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabe tes. In type 2 diabetes yourRead MoreDiabetes Research Analysis Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I started my search, I found numerous sources about diabetes. However, many were irrelevant. Although I had considerable success finding information on diabetes in general, there was often inadequate information specifically concerning type II diabetes. For example, the source would group type II and type I diabetes together when explaining the effects of exercise and diet. The source became a problem because type II diabetes isn’t insulin dependent while type I diabetes is. Although the problemRead MoreEssay on Diabetes898 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs when the body is unable to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and generate the bodys energy (Ebony, 115). Diabetes is a disease that affects approximately 3% of the world population. In American alone, 10.3 million people report having diabetes, while an estimated 10 million more individuals may have undiagnosed diabetes (Morwessel, 540). The gene for diabetes is locatedRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Disease Affecting Multi Organ System1190 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes mellitus or DM is a disease affecting multi-organ systems due to the abnormal insulin production, improper insulin usage or even both. It is a very serious health problem throughout the world effecting thousands of people.A survey conducted in United States showed that almost 6.2% of the population suffers from this disease. It is a matter of great issue that almost one -third of the population is unawa re of the disease. Incidence Diabetes is actually the fifth leading cause of deathsRead MorePathophysiology Of Type II Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus1575 Words   |  7 PagesPathophysiology of Type II Non-Insulin Dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM): Type II Non-insulin dependent diabetes is the most common. It often occurs in older adults, patients who are overweight, and patient with metabolic disorders. It can happen at any age though. The tissues in the body have built some resistance to insulin. The insulin levels in these patients can vary from low to high and can also be normal. You might be at risk of developing Non-insulin dependent diabetes if you have a familyRead MoreInsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ( Niddm )1502 Words   |  7 Pages Since Type I is insulin dependent, the treatment for this specific type is insulin injections when the blood sugar levels in the blood have risen higher than normal. Insulin cannot be taken orally due to the fact that it will be destroyed by the digestive enzymes. Injections through the skin with a syringe or the use of an infusion pump have been shown to be the most effective in administering insulin into the body. The treatment plan for type I will be insulin, along with a healthy diet and exerciseRead MoreType II Diabetes: Symptoms and Treatment Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesType II diabetes, or also commonly known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes, is a condition that affects the body’s main source of energy, called glucose which is the sugar used in cellular respiration to produce ATP for the body to function. This type of diabetes affects the way the body metabolizes this energy source. It affects both men and women, mostly adults, but with the increase of childhood ob esity in the past years, the probability of obese children getting the condition is also on the riseRead MoreType Ii Diabetes Mellitus. â€Å"In 2010, An Estimated 25.81470 Words   |  6 PagesType II Diabetes Mellitus â€Å"In 2010, an estimated 25.8 million people in the United States had diabetes mellitus, of which approximately 1 million have type 1 diabetes and most of the rest have type 2 diabetes † (Papadakis et al., 2014) That means that in 2010 about 24.8 million people suffered from type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees or peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia (Porter, Kaplan, 2011). Type II diabetes has become moreRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II1041 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: The disease I chose to write on research paper is Diabetes Mellitus Type II. Diabetes is one of the major chronic diseases caused by the insulin resistance that body generates within. It is a serious public health issue currently. There are different types of diabetes we encounter nowadays, but the three main types are Type I, Type II and gestational diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016). The type II diabetes is a non-controlled disease and it is the most common and also known as

Case About Burmingham International Airport - 2459 Words

Operation Management Case 1 Birmingham International Airport Operations Management Operations management is concerned with the design, planning, control and improvement of an organization’s resources and processes to produce goods or services for customers. Whether it is the provision of airport services, greetings cards, plastic buckets or holidays, operations managers will have been involved in the design, creation and delivery of those products or service each part of the airport – terminals, baggage handling services, aero plane servicing and catering, for example – has been carefully designed to fulfill not only its current role, but also with the possible demands of the next year and even the next 10 years in mind. Designing†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœBIA’S mission is to be the best regional airport in Europe. To do this they need continually to try to improve everything they do. * Finally‘BIA’S operations Director said that Running an airport is a fascinating and exciting challenge. No two days are the same. We know that we can make a real difference to our customers, both passengers and airlines, by what we do. We also make a major contribution to the impact on the local economy by encouraging inward investment and exports. As an operations manager, my job is to make it all happen. Questions 1 Identify some of the micro-operations to be found at the airport. For each one: (a) Identify the transforming and transformed resources. (b) State which is the predominant transformed resource. (c) Describe the output of each micro-operation and say who you think its customers are. Operations comprise many micro-operations; these micro-operations form a network of internal customer–supplier relationships within the operation. Most operations are a complex set of interrelated smaller operations, each with a specific function. These smaller operations interact with each other to provide the main goods and services to customers, each having its own transformation process. Birmingham Airport, for example, though one large operation, is made up of many interdependent and often autonomous ‘internal’ operations, or micro-operations – the catering

Road Safety Free Essays

Road Safety is essential in our daily life. Thus to observe the traffic rules is an important activity to ensure road safety. Road safety should first of all begin at home by teaching and instructing children about the traffic rules with some good hints on the do‘s and dont‘s. We will write a custom essay sample on Road Safety or any similar topic only for you Order Now Children should also be taught the highway code and advised to follow them strictly. Hence safety rules is everybody‘s business. Statistics has time and again shown that a great proportion of the people involved in road accidents are school children. It cannot be denied therefore that improper education is one of the major causes of accidents. There are cases where accident are caused by children running across the road without much attention, crossing behind parked vehicle, cycling two or three abreast carrying pillion riders, alighting from moving buses and cycling without due care. Therefore, they should be thought the important the road safety both at home and in schools. Exhibitions by the schools and demonstrations by the police authorities can do much in instilling in the children in a greater awareness of the dangers on the roads. As for the drivers on the road, they should always concentrate and study the situation ahead. It is very important that they anticipate road movements. They should drive safely showing consideration for others road users. The drives of heavy vehicles especially, should exercise greater consideration for those of smaller vehicles. Motorist and taxi- drivers should not exceed the speed limits and should always think of the safety of the passengers. A good driver should also know how to assess the speed and the distance of the oncoming traffic. Dangerous of overtaking has been cited as one of the major causes of road accidents. Drives in their enthusiasm or impatience overtakes other vehicles and end up in the head-on collision with other oncoming vehicles. Drives should always exercise caution and show more road sense. Motorcyclist should always wear safety helmet for their own safety. They should remember that prevention is better than cure. The government on their part should distribute pamphlets which warn and instill fear in road-users who are careless and inconsiderate. Posters in ivid pictorial terms which tell of the dangers and the consequences of careless reckless driving should also be imposed to act as deterrents to negligent driving. Unroadworthy vehicles such as vehicles whish are very old and in state of despair, vehicles which do not be allowed on the road until the defects are corrected. Finally all roads until the defects are reflectors should not be allowed on the roads until the defects are corrected. Finally all road-users should cultivate the virtues of consideration, tolerate, patience, caution and a respect for the highway code for everybody‘s benefit How to cite Road Safety, Papers Road Safety Free Essays Road safety is a major issue affecting the road sector. Road accidents remain a serious impediment to sustainable human development in many of the developing member countries (DMCs) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Road accidents continue to be an important social and economic problem in developing countries like India. We will write a custom essay sample on Road Safety or any similar topic only for you Order Now Growth in the number of motor vehicles, poor enforcement of traffic safety regulations, poor quality of roads and vehicles, and inadequate public health infrastructures are some of the road safety problems facing in India.The object of this Thesis is to present a status report on the nature of the government policy towards the Activity plans implemented till now and which has to be implemented later for the reduction of road fatalities and for the safe roads, and also giving the guidelines for financing of remedial measures, institutional framework, physical characteristics of the road, traffic control and calming measures, road safety education and enforcement issues.The aim of the Activity plans is to analyze the present situation of road safety in India and to indicate main problems in individual sector of the Activity implemented by comparing and taking the examples of some of the ASEAN Region who are successed in implementing in the individual sectors. The effect of the programme to real safety situation is estimated, and further plans could be corrected if it is necessary. Implementation of the goals for the coming years to reduce the number of accidents at maximum extent and give people, the safe and the steady flow of traffic in India.The vision of a tremendous change next 5 to 10 years is based on a big potential for improvement and a joint effort of all involved groups on all levels of traffic safety, centrally coordinated by the National Road Safety Authorities. The Action Plan is deliberately divided into 14 key Sectors of activity in broadly the same way as the individual country road safety action plans. The sectors involve many different disciplines and a very wide range of multi sector activities but all are based on applying scientific, methodical approaches to the problem. At the end the thesis gives the recommendations and conclusion for the safe Roads in India How to cite Road Safety, Papers Road Safety Free Essays Nowadays, the movement of vehicular traffic on road is increasing day by day. Every year thousands of people die in road accidents due to their or others fault. Consequently, there is a growing concern for road safety and thrust upon the knowledge of traffic rules in civic life. We will write a custom essay sample on Road Safety or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ignorance of traffic rules and their non-observance results into accidents, fatal injuries or permanent physical disabilities, loss of life and damage of properties. To prevent it, there is a need to generate awareness about traffic norms and their observance at mass level. The rules of road are hard and fast and cannot be broken without danger to life or limb. While on road, we must always look ahead and judge the speed of traffic and the timings of traffic lights. Accidents occur if we are unmindful of the other users of the road. We should always keep a close watch on other road users especially pedestrians as they move slowly. We must maintain adequate distance from vehicle ahead of us. We must drive our vehicles at specified speeds. At higher speed, the stopping distance exceeds the visual distance and therefore, it causes accidents. We should avoid sudden use of breaks, as it is risky. The best way to stop quickly is to drive slowly or to keep speeds under control. We should always keep a safe distance from large and heavy vehicles. In case, our vehicle comes between large vehicles there is a like hood of our vehicle being crushed. Since long vehicles cover more space, we must not be on its either right or left side when it is taking a turn. We must not over take vehicles as it may lead to an accident. We must follow the traffic signals as they assure us safety. There are three signals- red light, yellow light and green light. The red light indicates that we should stop. The yellow light indicates we should wait for green signal and the green signal indicates that we should start going. How to cite Road Safety, Papers Road Safety Free Essays Road safety is increasingly becoming a major killer and a worldwide concern. A child is killed in an accident every three minutes. Everyday more than one hundred people are killed due to lack in road safety. We will write a custom essay sample on Road Safety or any similar topic only for you Order Now Around six thousand people are injured due to these small mistakes of a driver. Many people look at road safety as non-essential, but this a major topic of accidents occurring every minute nowadays. . Road accident is a global tragedy with ever-raising trend. To avoid these, a driver should be careful not to break the road safety rules and maintain the road safety culture. The main reason for accidents is high speed driving. Many people are killed, left seriously injured in road accidents. Drivers must be well educated regarding road safety what to do what not to do. Police officers have a key role in encouraging improved road-user behavior. The main causes of the car accidents are driver distractions, drunken drivers, using cellular phones while driving, speeding, aggressive driving, mechanical failure, road conditions and weather.Lack of discipline of the driver, refusal to follow traffic rules, lack of experience and licensing older drivers also may be a cause of these accidents. Road accidents involving children has become a major cause for concern around the world. Within recent times, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of road accidents involving children. Accidents are generally classified as single vehicle and multiple vehicle accidents. The increase of road accident is closely linked with the rapid growth of population, economics development, industrialization and motorization encountered by the country.It continues to be a growing concern to all those who use the roads. There are many other causes of accident on the road. One reason is that, nowadays people can obtain license easily. But actually, people who want to get the license must have an experience and know the rules on the road. However, we do not have a big number of experienced drivers on the road. However, there are traffic laws that may prevent these kinds of accidents to happen, but it is still up to the driver to follow the road safety rules and maintain road safety culture. .† How to cite Road Safety, Papers

Discussion about Katong Laksa

Question: Discuss about the Katong Laksa. Answer: Introduction Katong Laksa is a type of Chinese Laksa which was started by the Straits Chinese lived in some parts of Katong of Singapore (Duruz., 2016). Laksa is derived from the Chinese word Cantonese which means Spicy sand. This dish is a spicy noodles soup made with cut noodles, shrimps and coconut milk and topped with fishcake and prawns. While entering the market, the Katong Laksa have to face a lot of competitions and have to make some strategies to face the challenge. Competitors and Strategy to Face the Challenge Sydney already have its way of Laksa and they are acquainted to it. So if Katong Laksa is coming to the Sydney market then, its competitors can be Malay Chinese Takeaway, Itos Malaysian, Temasek and Penang Cuisine. These are the best Laksa centers in Sydney. So it can be a tough competition. As there are many types of Laksa being served in Sydney, it will be difficult for the Katong Laksa to get a place and survive in the market with uniqueness. To form a strategy to compete with the market, the managers have to first analyze the market status, the difference in product quality, price, demand etc. To penetrate in the market and make a good hold, first the restaurant have to stick to its original product along with some innovation so as to give both a new and traditional taste to the customer. The most important part is to keep the price low along with best quality of service as compared to the other established companies (Rahman., 2003). It should use different form of advertisements to make the customers aware about the product. Conclusion As there are many established laksa restaurants with high quality of product and goods, it will be hard for the Katong Laksa to establish but with patience, excellent product and services, innovation and hard work, it can come to the higher position. References Duruz, J. (2016). Love in a Hot Climate: Foodscapes of Trade, Travel, War, and Intimacy. Gastronomica: The Journal of Critical Food Studies, 16(1), 16-27. Rahman, S. H. (2003). Modelling of international market selection process: a qualitative study of successful Australian international businesses. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 6(2), 119-132.

Online Behavioral Targeting Essay Sample free essay sample

Online Behavioral Targeting has been defined as â€Å"the alliance of ads with users whose on-line behaviour implies involvement in a peculiar merchandise or service. † ( InternetRetailer. 2006 ) . in consequence. what happens is that a consumer who on a regular basis visits sites and web logs refering to cars might see an ad affecting autos when he logs on into a magazine or intelligence web site. Online Behavior Targeting is a really effectual method of advertisement. harmonizing to studies: â€Å"of those sellers utilizing behavioural targeting. 35 % said they are sing more click-throughs ; 26 % . more transitions ; 21 % . an increased return-on-investment ; 16 % . increased trust or trade name affinity ; and 2 % . needed to purchase fewer impressions† ( InternetRetailer. 2006 ) . The secret behind the success of Online Behavior Targeting is providing to each and every consumer what he wants. through â€Å"profiling consumers’ online and offline wonts in item. advertizers are able to direct really specific advertisement messages to single consumers† ( Jones. 2008 ) . Online Behavioral Targeting: A Menace to Privacy A person’s right to privateness is guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Behavioral Targeting Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the instance of Berger v. New York ( 388 U. S. 59 [ 1967 ] ) . the tribunal held that electronic surveillance is a type of hunt and ictus. therefore. is illegal and is a misdemeanor of 1s right to privateness. This philosophy was subsequently qualified by Katz v. United States ( 389 U. S. 354-59 [ 1967 ] ) . which states that the authorities may fall back to electronic surveillance if the proper bureau acquires a judicial order leting such invasion. The instances of Berger v New York and Katz v. United States laid down the demands before a valid electronic surveillance may be done. nevertheless. this is non being followed by ad bureaus when they resort to Online Behavioral Targeting. At first glimpse. on-line behavioural aiming seems harmless. nevertheless. careful analysis on how the advertisement bureaus are able to direct a specific ad to a specific individual sing the figure of people surfing the web at any given clip will demo that these advertisement bureaus are executing Acts of the Apostless surrounding on personal invasions and misdemeanors of people’s right to privateness. A specific illustration of an advertisement bureau utilizing on-line behavioural targeting is NebuAd. harmonizing to this bureau. they offer a turn to their clients which other ad bureaus are non capable of. they boast that this â€Å"twist on behaviour targeting is based upon supervising individuals’ cyberspace browse wonts through th eir ISP. basically seeing all the sites and pages that a user visits† ( Smith. 2007 ) . The mere usage of the word proctor should already put the consumer on cautiousness that this bureau is analysing you and your wonts. good or bad without your consent. These ad bureaus neer tried to acquire any tribunal order leting invasion to one’s on-line wonts. I believe that what I do in the cyberspace is my ain private thing and no bureau authorities or otherwise should supervise my behaviour for commercial additions. By taking my behaviour forms and making package that is capable of look intoing cookies in my computing machine to cognize what sites I have frequented. these bureaus are traversing the line between harmless monitoring and electronic surveillance. Countermeasures: Legislations Targeting Online Behavioral Targeting The Federal Trade Commission is good informed of the fact of the being of these ad bureaus and how they get their informations. the FTC is besides cognizant that the methodological analysis applied by these companies are offensive of the Fourth Amendment. In turn toing the issue of Behavioral Targeting. the FTC. which I think is the best solution. has started to make statute law and other regulations regulating cyberspace informations assemblage and behavioural informations assemblage through the web. These statute law and protocols are merely the first in many that should be used by the Federal Trade Commission in battling the dangers of Online Behavioral Targeting. Mentions Berger v. New York ( 388 U. S. 59 [ 1967 ] ) InternetRetailer ( 23 March 2006 ) . More sellers are utilizing on-line behavioural targeting. Forrester says. Retrieved April 11. 2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. internetretailer. com/internet/marketing-conference/80545-marketers-are-using-online-behavioral-targeting-forrester-says. hypertext markup language Jones. K. C. ( 7 April 2008 ) . FTC Divided Over Online ‘Behavioral Targeting’ . Retrieved April 11. 2008. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. informationweek. com/news/internet/policy/showArticle. jhtml? articleID=207100082 Katz v. United States ( 389 U. S. 354-59 [ 1967 ] ) Smith. C. S. ( 11 December 2007 ) . NebuAd – New Twist on Behavioral Targeting for Online Ads. Retrieved April 11. 2008. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. naturalsearchblog. com/archives/2007/12/11/nebuad-new-twist-on-behavioral-targeting-for-online-ads/

Starch Hyrolysis Of Amylase Enzyme Experiment Biology Essay Example For Students

Starch Hyrolysis Of Amylase Enzyme Experiment Biology Essay Monosaccharides are most basic units of carbonhydrates.They are the simplest signifier of the sugar. Glucose, brain sugar, fructose and ribose are illustration for the monosaccharoses. Disaccharide is form when two monosaccharoses combined. Lactose and saccharose are illustration for the disaccharides. Plants store glucose as the polyose amylum. Starch can be separated into two fractions amylose and amylopectin. Natural starches are mixtures of amylose ( 10-20 % ) and amylopectin ( 80-90 % ) . Amylose is a additive compound which is soluble in H2O. Aslo linked by ? ( 1,4 ) glicosidic bond. Amylopectin is branched compound which is non soluble in H2O. Besides linked by ? ( 1,6 ) glicosidic bond. ( 1 ) Outline1 Figure 1: Starch2 Figure 2: Starch-iodine composite3 Figure 3: Single beam spectrophotometer4 Apparatus:5 Equipments:6 Chemicals:7 Procedure:8 Preparation of 20 g/l starch solution:9 Preparation of Enzyme solution:10 Consequence of the pH:11 Consequence of Temperature:12 CALCULATIONS AND OBSERVATIONS:13 Datas tabular arraies:14 Table 5.1: Consequence of pH:15 pH16 Optical density17 Table 5.2: Consequence of temperature:18 Temperature19 Optical density20 Discussion: Figure 1: Starch Figure 2: Starch-iodine composite We will write a custom essay on Starch Hyrolysis Of Amylase Enzyme Experiment Biology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Amylase is an enzyme which nowadays in human sage. It breaks starch down into sugar. All amylases are glycoside hydrolases and act on ?-1,4-glycosidic bonds. It will get down to denature at around 60C. Spectrophotometer measures the transmittal or soaking up of liquids or solids as a map of wavelength. Spectrophotometer is used for 2 different intent: To find the soaking up spectrum of a pure substance in solution To find the concentration of a solution Figure 3: Single beam spectrophotometer % T = ( I / I O ) . 100 ABS = log 10 ( 100/ % T ) Apparatus: Equipments: Test tubing Pipets Pasteur pipettes Beaker 250 milliliter Test tubing rack Plastic cuvettes Spectrophotometer Heater Weighing dish Weight Chemicals: Human salivary enzyme Starch solution 20 g/L HCl halting solution, 0.1N HCl Iodine reagent stock solution ( in aqueous solution ) Iodine: 5 g/l KI: 50 g/l Dilute to 1:100 Potassium phosphate buffers KH2PO4 KH2PO4.3H2O Procedure: Preparation of 20 g/l starch solution: 20g of soluble murphy amylum was assorted in approx. 50 milliliter of cold H2O. The slurry was added to aprox. 900 milliliter of gently boiling H2O in a big beaker while stirring. The gelatinized amylum solution was assorted good and cooled to room temperature. More H2O was added to convey the entire volume to 1 litre. Few beads of the amylum solution was put on a glass home base. 1 bead of the iodine reagent was added and the deep blue colour was seen. Preparation of Enzyme solution: 1 milliliter of sage was diluted with 9 mL H2O. 60 milliliter of 0.5 % NaCl solution was added. Consequence of the pH: 0.1 M pH buffer solutions was prepared ranging from pH=4.5 to pH=9 in increases of one pH unit. An equal volume of one of the above buffer solutions were added to 5.0mL of the 20 g/l amylum solution prepared in measure 1.The ensuing solution was contained 10g/l of amylum in a buffered environment. The enzymatic digestion procedure was started by adding 1 milliliter of human salivary enzyme solution ; shaked and assorted. The hydrolysis reaction was proceeded for precisely 10 proceedingss at 25oC. 0.5 milliliter of the reacted amylum solution was added to 5 milliliter of the HCl halting solution. ( 0.1 N ) 0.5 milliliter of the above mixture was added to 5 milliliters iodine solution to develop color.Shaked and assorted. The optical density was measured with a spectrophotometer at 620 nm.Buffer was used as a space. Consequence of Temperature: The temperatures of the impermanent H2O baths in 250 milliliter beakers was prepared and adjusted the temperatures runing from 30oC to 90oC in increases for 20oC. The amylum substrate was prepared by thining the 20g/l amylum solution prepared in measure 1 with an equal volume of pH=7.0 phosphate buffer solution.This consequences in a on the job amylum concentration of 10 g/l. 5 milliliter of the amylum solution was added to each of trial tubings. .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9 , .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9 .postImageUrl , .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9 , .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9:hover , .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9:visited , .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9:active { border:0!important; } .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9:active , .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9 .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf21106830f1a8f06e4d35b9aef5546c9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Wutherinng Heights Essay ThesisThe temperature of each of the amylum solutions was allowed to come to equilibrium with that of the H2O bath. 1 milliliter of human salivary enzyme solution was added to each of the thermostated trial tubings to get down the reaction.The raction was stopped after precisely 10 proceedingss and the amylum content was analizied by following the processs outlined in measure 3. CALCULATIONS AND OBSERVATIONS: Datas tabular arraies: Table 5.1: Consequence of pH: pH 5 6 7 8 9 Optical density 0.038 0.054 0.049 0.022 0.080 Table 5.2: Consequence of temperature: Temperature 30 50 70 90 Optical density 0.024 0.006 0.039 0.115 Absorbance / temperature Absorbance / pH Discussion: In this experiment the intent was to hydrolyse amylum with amylase enzyme and detect the consequence of pH and temperature on this reaction.First we prepared the amylum solution, added 1 bead of the iodine reagent and saw that a deep blu colour was developed. After that we prepared the enzyme solution which sage was used.Then we looked to the consequence of pH and consequence of temperature. In consequence of temperature buffer solutions were prepared which runing from pH 4.5 to pH 9. We used two different solutions because of the diffence buffering capacity of these two solutions. We used HCl and NaOH for pH. We used HCl to diminish pH and we used NaOH to increase pH besides, we detected the pH by utilizing pH metre. Each buffer with different pH values were assorted with starch solution and so salivary solution was added. Then we added iodine solution to observe whether reaction took topographic point or non. Since if enzyme maps starch in the solution will be hydrolyzed and this w ill take to hold light colour of the solution ; optical density will be low. Since our organic structure is in impersonal pH we expect to hold light colored solution at pH 7 and dark colour at pH 5, 8 and 9. The enzyme wo nt work in higher temperature values that can denature it like 90, 70 and possibly 50. Protein s optical density values are expected to increase as the protein denaturizes. This can be explained by the surface of contemplation of the visible radiation is increased. Denaturized signifier of protein has higher possibility to be interacted with the visible radiation from the spectrophotometer and therefore optical density will increase.

The Fall of the House of Usher free essay sample

The Fall of the House of Usher† is, quite literally, a story about the fall of the House of Usher. The â€Å"House of Usher† can be interpreted to mean either the literal, the House the Usher’s lives in, or it can refer to the bloodline, the House of the Usher’s (insert joke about personally belonging to the House of Godric Gryffindor here). Not only that, but to take it even more literally, when Roderick is attacked at the end of the story, he falls to the ground, which is yet another tie into the title of the story. The House of Usher does fall to the earth after the twins die, however, and that is where the true â€Å"fall† happens, as the entire Usher house – the structure and the bloodline – cease to exist. As the narrator approaches the house, his first glance of the structure is not straight at it, but instead at a puddle which reflects the house upside down. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fall of the House of Usher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The symbolism of the reflection is reflected in the way that Roderick and Madeline are twins, but are boy vs. girl, mentally ill vs. physically ill, and dead vs. alive. Upon further inspection of the house, the narrator notes, â€Å"there appeared to be a wild inconsistency between its still perfect adaption of parts and the crumbling condition of the individual stones† (89). The House of Usher has only existed through incest, so this description could be in reference to the fact that from a distance, or as a whole, the Usher family was in fine condition, until you looked closely at the individual members and see the ailments that are crumbling the individual family members. Another feature of the physical House of Usher is it’s claustrophobic feel. This is a representation of the claustrophobia between the twins to be their own person. They are confined to the house, and confined to each other (since they must reproduce in order to continue the blood line). She is confined by her body, through its illness that forces her to lose control of her limbs, and then she is forced into the space of the coffin, which is then stored in an underground tomb. Roderick is confined to the space of his own mind, which is too small in that he can’t escape from his thoughts or the sounds that he thinks he hears. Lastly, the fissure down the center of the house is a representation of the fissure between the brother and sister. The house’s foundation is unstable, as are the brother and sister, and ultimately this separation is what ends the House of Usher, both the family and the house itself. The House is not merely the setting where this story took place, but it played games with us and gave us clues as to who these people are. Each rotting stone was a person and it’s fissure down the middle was a relationship. The enclosed space of the house was the enclosed setting that led to the deaths of the House of Usher. The Fall of the House of Usher free essay sample Madeline of the House of Usher Role-playing games are a great past time for literature enthusiasts. A player sits down, creates a character with quirks and a personality, usually special abilities, and meets with other people who have done the same. They sit at tables, in couches, on porches all around the world. They sit down to hear and participate in a story, a story told by the storyteller. The storyteller creates a scenario, a background, extra characters (NPCs), and certain rules. Once the story begins, control is a relative term. The storyteller knows the story, but the characters are free to move about and unknowingly change the story as they go. In Edgar Allan Poe’s short story, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† the storyteller and characters interact in a very strange way. The storyteller tries to maintain control and the characters try to free themselves. It is a struggle against two aspects, the oppressor and the oppressed, masculine and feminine. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fall of the House of Usher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Madeline Usher, the sole female character in the story, is kept in the background, but holds her own by being the main drive for much of the plot. Roderick Usher, the male descendant of the Usher household, has qualities of the feminine, but introduces a powerfully masculine identity into the house. The line of triumph of the oppressed feminine over the oppressive masculine is blurry and leaves much to be desired. The first key to the house as a story and backdrop is the connection often attributed to Roderick and the house. The idea that the house deteriorates with the last wielder of the Usher name has been argued before. Roderick’s slow descent into madness is marked by cracks in the foundation of the house. This theory holds good merit from textual evidence. The story itself follows that line; Roderick describes the house as having â€Å"an effect which the physique of the gray walls and turrets, and of the dim tarn into which they all looked down, had, at length, brought about upon the morale of his existence† (119). But this is just one influence the characters have over the plot and vice versa. This view of the house and the connection to the family is shaded by a masculine identity. Surely the last male heir of the Usher house must be the cause for the decay, regardless of the feminine Usher remaining. It is easy to label Madeline Usher as a weak character. Not only is her lack of presence in the story noted, but her physical descriptions are that of a weak girl. Roderick explains to the narrator that she suffers from an unknown disease, â€Å"[a] settled apathy, a gradual wasting away of the person, and frequent although transient affections of a partially cataleptical character†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (119). Madeline suffers from an unknown illness and is kept indoors in case she becomes the victim of her own frailty. The narrator sees her only briefly before her burial later in the story, and soon after her appearance, she is confined to her bed. The character of Madeline Usher is subjugated. She is kept in the background. Her family line is given to Roderick, her twin brother, as was the custom at the time. Within the story, she could be representative of other women in the nineteenth century: left in the home with no rights. Madeline can also represent one of the more important aspects of the feminine as a whole, the idea of death and rebirth in her premature burial and subsequent escape from her tomb. Beverly Voloshin makes note of another point of Madeline’s femininity through color association. â€Å"Madeline matches her brother’s pallor, but her special mark is red†¦blood red being the token of both life and death† (14). Not only is she often introduced with the color red, a generally accepted color for the feminine, but her actions in the story speak directly to the idea brought about by that color. Madeline is, essentially, the feminine half of the Usher family. Roderick Usher, Madeline’s twin and the masculine half of the Usher family, is the initial, obvious oppressor. As Leila May explains as historical background in her essay, â€Å"’Sympathies of a Scarcely Intelligible Nature: The Brother-Sister Bond in Poes Fall of the House of Usher’,† the social and political authority over the household was given to the men (389). As far as the outside world is concerned, Roderick is the head of the household, putting him in a legal and social position over his sister. Diane Hoevler makes some very sound arguments for the idea of Roderick as an oppressor in her essay â€Å"The Hidden God and the Abjected Woman in ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’. She points out Poe’s own frustration with women and the idea that Roderick strives for a world, a â€Å"purely masculine universe, a fortress where males engage in discourse without the intrusion of the female in any form –living or dead: ‘Us’ versus ‘her’: ‘Us/her’† (388). Legally, Roderick is the superior half of the la st vestiges of the Usher family. It was Roderick, after all, who invited the male narrator to the house. The narrator explains that the two had been friends before and Roderick had recently sent a letter insisting that he come to the house (Poe 114). It is Roderick’s decision in the story to entomb his deceased sister in the vaults underneath the house before her burial. This burial can be viewed as an attempt by the masculine identity to rid itself of the female identity, Roderick making a final struggle against his sister. However, as Cynthia Jordan argues, â€Å"he is but a character in the story himself, and his actions are at least in part the product of his narrator’s construction† (6). The idea of plot control being in the narrator’s hands puts the narrator in the sole position of masculine oppressor and not just over Madeline Usher. The narrator in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† views, or at least tries to explain, everything from a distanced point-of-view. His logical take on what happens at the house paints a picture with traditionally masculine tones. He also is focused on the masculine half of the Usher twins. His focus is so centered on Roderick that he would as soon dismiss Madeline from his story entirely. Jordan notes this striving towards sole masculinity influence in her essay â€Å"Poe’s Re-Vision†¦Ã¢â‚¬ : â€Å"The narrator’s first encounter with Madeline confirms the conflict between the male storyteller and the lady of the house† (7). His first encounter with Madeline is almost half way through the story. He describes her briefly, almost as a wraith, when Roderick mentions her. â€Å"I regarded her with an utter astonishment not unmingled with dread; and yet I found it impossible to account for such feelings† (Poe 119). His reaction to the feminine aspect of the Usher household is obviously negative, describing his emotions of shock and fear in the face of Roderick’s sister. After this brief mention, he leaves her out of the story once again, citing that she succumbed to her bed after his almost encounter and that he would not see her again alive (120). Jordan notes that this absence of Madeline is an attempt on the narrator’s part to keep Madeline out of the story: â€Å"the narrator uses language covertly to relegate Madeline to a passive position in relation to himself† (7). Roderick, in this case is not the masculine oppressor; the narrator is. The irony of the situation, though, is that in trying to suppress Madeline, the female twin and the object that the narrator prescribes to femininity, he lets that feminine essence flourish. By the end of the story, the narrator is forced to face that he cannot create a solely masculine story. As Raymond Benoit, a voice in Explicator’s long series of essays on â€Å"Usher,† points out, the narrator is forced to face the feminine through the reading of â€Å"Mad Trist† at the end of the story: â€Å"a mad story that parallels what is occurring in the house and reflects and even enables the awakening of the feminine side thought to have been laid to rest in the philosophy and literature of the Enlightenment and by Roderick/narrator† (80). The narrator cannot ignore the strong feminine influence in the house, much as he tries. Perhaps this is because the source of the feminine influence is sitting beside him. Throughout the story, Roderick appears as a romantic and an artist. He reads romance and gothic novels and is emotional to the point of hysteria at times. Beverly Voloshin enters her theory in the series shared with Benoit and others on â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† in Explicator. Her theory follows the lines of Roderick being the feminine half of the Usher twins. â€Å"Roderick is associated with the abstract, atemporal, and ideal† (14). These attributes are generally feminine in nature, gentle and imaginative. In a usually feminine role, Roderick’s actions are often reactions to other characters, showing subordination. His madness is spurred by the supposed death of Madeline, an irrational and emotional reaction to an action of another character. Roderick’s death, often attributed with the ultimate fall of the house itself, is a reaction to the return and death of Madeline. His death is a reaction to the death of a feminine character, which gives power to the feminine over the masculine. Poe is known to have sickly seraph types in his stories, but these seemingly weak female characters speak to his fondness for women. Poe’s life was filled with women who were taken away by illness, making them physically weak: his mother, his cousin and wife. But the women in Poe’s life were often the source of his strength, making them spiritually and often mentally strong. The experience of physically weak, spiritually strong women in his life greatly influenced his portrayal of women in his stories and poetry; Anabelle Lee comes to mind. Similarly, Madeline follows the guidelines for Poe’s memory of women. In a strange way, Poe often put these women on pedestals. Madeline’s presence is very rarely in the foreground of Poe’s short story, but the times when she does appear, it is her appearance that changes the mood of the scene. Madeline owns every scene in which she appears. Her actions are catalysts. The character is weak, but Poe puts her in a position of power beyond character; Poe gives Madeline a position of power over the plot. While the ultimate portrayal of Madeline might be a slap in the face against feminists, her role in the story is large enough to create a strong female influence. Poe follows his own guidelines in the character of Madeline Usher. She fits his ideal for true beauty. John H. Timmerman helps lead the way towards viewing Madeline in this light by explaining Poe’s reasoning. He explains Poe’s drive towards creating beauty in his writing, a beauty that he believed could only be achieved through sadness (232). Because of this connection and his past with women, Poe comes to the conclusion that â€Å"the most sad thing, and therefore the most beautiful, is the death of a beautiful woman† (232). Madeline, though pale and sickly, is one of these beautiful women. Her death, then, is a thing of beauty in Poe’s eyes. The concept is not a very enthusiastic one, nor is it useful in citing Poe as an advocate for women, but that he put emphasis on women is a step in the right direction. From his idea that a beautiful woman’s death is indeed the most beautiful occurrence in nature, he spurned the male characters in his stories to help reclaim the feminine within his stories. The male counterparts to these tragic women are the main argument for Cythia Jordan. In her essay Poes Re-Vision: The Recovery of the Second Story,† Jordan argues that Roderick Usher and C. Auguste Dupin are male characters who attempt to bring to light the feminine or â€Å"second† story. While the narrator has ultimate control over the plot of â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† Jordan points out times when Roderick tries to wrestle that control from him and reassert Madeline as a prominent figure in the story. The final scene of â€Å"Usher† is where Roderick gets that victory, â€Å"Madman! I tell you that she now stands without the door! † (130). Jordan explains that this marks a moment in which Roderick takes control of the narrative long enough to call the narrator out on his oppression and to bring Madeline out into the spotlight (11). Roderick proves again that he is not the male oppressor but is instead a supporter if not aspect of the feminine. The question becomes, then, why would Roderick want to bring Madeline to the forefront? The sole reason being that she is his twin is likely not enough. The idea of them being two aspects of the same being, or two sides of the same face is more concrete. But consider that Roderick is an artist, not only placing him in a feminine role, which would be cause enough to help the feminine thrive, but as an artist he must meet that ultimate goal that Poe put forth for himself: to create beauty. If Poe’s characters follow his own guidelines, then, Roderick’s only way to express that which is most beautiful in the world is to bring his beautiful sister’s death to the forefront of the story. Thus, in Roderick’s moment of control over the plot, in revealing the â€Å"second story† of Madeline, he follows those rules of an artist so avidly produced by his own author. The end result is not just Poe’s ideal of beauty, it also gives voice to the silenced feminine within the story –both Madeline’s and possibly Roderick’s own. The connection between Madeline and Roderick as twins is an interesting part of their mixed and almost non-existent gender roles. It has been suggested that their relationship is an incestuous affair, bringing together that mixed-gendered ambiguity into an even more scrambled position. Voloshin and others regard the twin connection, Voloshin looking specifically at the dichotomies apparent within that connection. †¦[T]he Usher twins also represent the duality of culture and nature, or more precisely, that they correspond to many cultural constructions of masculine and feminine, which divide the genders along the axis of culture and nature† (14). The fact that Poe decided to use twins pushes the idea that such dichotomies exist. Roderick, similar to Madeline, is afflicted with an ailment, on e that is â€Å"a constitutional and a family evil, and one for which he despaired to find a remedy –a mere nervous affection† (118). This nervous condition is displayed throughout the story in his outbursts and personality shifts. It is suggested that the ailment, being a family curse, is close to if not the same as Madeline’s. Madeline, however, shows strength in that she did not succumb to the illness before the narrator arrives. Madeline is given credit for being the stronger of the two, a masculine trait. The dichotomy does not fit what society would expect from gender roles. The male is the feminine and the female is the masculine. It has been suggested that Roderick and Madeline are the same person, or aspects of the same person. Hoeveler plays with this idea in her essay on the â€Å"Abjected Woman. She discusses the idea that Madeline is in fact the feminine half of Roderick that has escaped to become an alter-ego (391). Not only would physical evidence within the text dispute that idea –the fact that the narrator sees Madeline during a conversation with Roderick –but why, then, would Roderick assume so many feminine traits of his own? And why would Madeline seem to uphold those t raits generally accepted as masculine? The rest of the essay is another key: the idea of dualities in religion, the goddess and the god. The duality returns to the twin idea, and the twin concept requires a semblance of balance. If Roderick is the feminine role, Madeline must step in to play the role of the masculine. Traditionally, in feminist readings, the masculine identity can be discovered by its subjugation and subordination of the feminine identity. Madeline is buried in the vault, making her symbolically subordinated, but in the end, it is she who buries Roderick: â€Å"†¦with a low moaning cry, fell heavily upon the person of her brother, and in her violent and now final death-agonies, bore him to the floor a corpse, and a victim to the terrors he had anticipated† (Poe 131). The first item of note is the fact that Roderick’s name is not mentioned once in his death scene. Roderick is placed in the passive part of the sentence, â€Å"upon the person of her brother,† rather than given an active death. His name is not mentioned, instead he is listed as the brother of Madeline. He is also noted as being a victim, a position often associated with the feminine. Here, Roderick is not only stripped of identity of his own, but is made the passive victim of a violent force against him. The idea of Madeline as a violent or at least controlling force over Roderick is used in the somewhat popular vampire theory. Lyle Kendall discusses this theory and cites examples from the text to help prove it. He suggests that Roderick asks the narrator to come to the house to aid him in the destruction of his oppressor, the vampire, Madeline (451). J. O. Bailey goes into more depth, citing the history and mythology behind the vampire theory. He, however, notes that both of the twins seem to exhibit traits of one who has been attacked by a vampire, but that Madeline was the one whose body is inhabited by a vampiric entity (Bailey 458). Vampires in stories have been male and female –there is no prescription for the sex of these mythological creatures. The idea of the vampire, though, of one who comes and sucks the life out of others fits the mold for a control aspect. The masculine identity is the controlling identity, and if Madeline is indeed a vampire, then she becomes that controlling identity; Madeline becomes the oppressor and Roderick the oppressed. Another supposedly masculine trait is the sense of structure and order. Robinson brings the dichotomy of order/disorder into play in his formalist reading of the short story in his essay â€Å"Order and Sentience in ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’. † Robinson writes, â€Å"[t]he progress of the story sees Usher, his house, and his sister Madeline changing from an organized to a disorganized state, until finally all sink together† (69). Robinson also brings to light the notion that Madeline’s physical senses dim through the story while Usher’s heighten (75). Roderick becomes more sensitive where his sister becomes less so. Their traits become intermingled, masculine and feminine twisting their positions to the opposite sex until finally it all comes back together into a union. The final union between the masculine and the feminine is the destruction of the house, according to Robinson, when the house and the story fall into a state of disorganization. The final scene in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† seems to be a culmination of all that is feminine within the work. Roderick sits and listens to his favorite romantic story, â€Å"Mad Trist,† which brings the feminine back into the plot. During this reading, Roderick comes into a position to speak against the narrator, for the narrator, when he calls him a â€Å"madman,† and reveals Madeline standing outside the door. When Madeline appears for her final scene, her coup de grace, she is in her burial shroud with blood on her, a symbol of rebirth. The walking symbol of the feminine falls upon Usher, who without a fight, falls to the ground, and the two die. The narrator flees the fall of the house of Usher, and watches as the house behind him is mysteriously destroyed. The story comes together, finally, with a seeming grand finale of femininity. Symbols, romanticism, disorganization, all of those ideals that have been attributed to feminism culminate. But looking back once again on Roderick’s death, there is the passivity. Madeline, in the midst of this fantastic moment of feminine symbolism, takes on the role of a masculine identity, pressing Roderick beneath her and putting him into a passive state. Are the symbols enough for this story to triumph over masculine influence? Or has the narrator put his foot down on the final scene to ensure that some semblance of masculine oppressiveness remained in the story? Regardless of masculine or feminine traits, at the end of the story, as the world of the narrator collapses into romantic idealism, it is the woman, the female half of the Usher family, that finally oppresses the man. Madeline triumphs, but only when put into a masculine gender role. Leo Spitzer, author of â€Å"A Reinterpretation of ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’,† also notes the near necessity for the two to die as one. He first shines light on the importance of Madeline, citing her as a deuteragonist and pointing out the eerie timing of her appearances, and he goes on to say that â€Å"Roderick and Madeline, twins chained to each other by incestuous love, suffering separately but dying together, represent the male and the female principle in that decaying family whose members, by the law of sterility and destruction which rules them, must exterminate each other† (352). They do destroy one another at the end, leaving the narrator to escape. And, as Jordan points out, the narrator gets the last word, â€Å"for his final act of ‘sentencing’ is to dispatch Madeline and her too-familiar twin into the ‘silent tarn,’ out of mind and out of language one last time† (12). Despite this triumphant climax for Madeline and Roderick, the narrator clings tightly to his story. The narrator, or storyteller, in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† fights for control over the characters within the story, both female and feminine. He takes on, ultimately, the role of masculinity. Whether, within the house, Madeline was oppressed or Roderick was matters very little –their aspects were in sync with on another and bound to come together eventually. But their ultimate victory and freedom from the masculine narrator is achieved only in their deaths, and the storyteller condemns the last vestiges of the feminine. In this story at least, the victory of femininity is short-lived and ultimately futile. Works Cited Bailey, J. O. What Happens in the Fall of the House of Usher? American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography 35. (1964): 445-66. Benoit, Raymond. Poes the Fall of the House of Usher. Explicator 58. 2 (2000): 79-81. Hoeveler, Diane Long. The Hidden God and the Abjected Woman in the Fall of the House of Usher. Studies in Short Fiction 29. 3 (1992): 385-95. Jordan, Cynthia S. Poes Re-Vision: The Recovery of the Second Story. American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography 59. 1 (1987): 1-19. Kendall, Lyle H. ,Jr. The Vampire Motif in the Fall of the House of Usher. College English 24. 6 (1963): 450-3. May, Leila S. Sympathies of a Scarcely Intelligible Nature: The Brother-Sister Bond in Poes Fall of the House of Usher. Studies in Short Fiction 30. 3 (1993): 387-96. Robinson, E. Arthur. Order and Sentience in the Fall of the House of Usher. PMLA 76. 1 (1961): 68-81. . Spitzer, Leo. A Reinterpretation of the Fall of the House of Usher. Comparative Literature 4. 4 (1952): 351-63. . Timmerman, John H. House of Mirrors: Edgar Allan Poes the Fall of the House of Usher. Papers on Language and Literature: A Journal for Scholars and Critics of Language and Literature 39. (2003): 227-44. Voloshin, Beverly R. Poes the Fall of the House of Usher. Explicator 46. 3 (1988): 13-5. Works Referenced Obuchowski, Peter. Unity of Effect in Poes the Fall of the House of Usher. Studies in Short Fiction 12 (1975): 407-12. . Peeples, Scott. Poes Constructiveness and the Fall of the House of Usher. The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe. Ed. Kevin J. Hayes. Cambridge, England: Cambridge UP, 2002. 178-190. Stein, William Bysshe. The Twin Motif in the Fall of the House of Usher. Modern Language Notes 75. 2 (1960): 109-11. .

Differences Between Après vs. Derrière and Avant vs. Devant

Differences Between Aprà ¨s vs. Derrià ¨re and Avant vs. Devant Aprà ¨s and Avant convey a notion of time or space. Aprà ¨s refers to doing something after while Avant refers to doing something before. Je le retrouve aprà ¨s/avant le dà ©jeunerIll meet up with him after/before lunch Aprà ¨s/avant le bois, il y a un cheminAfter/before the wood, there is a path Derriere and Devant convey a notion of precise space. Derrier refers to being behind something, or someone and Devant refers to being in front of something or someone. La petite fille est cachà ©e derrià ¨re larbreThe young girl is hidden behind the tree Pour la photo, comme tu es plus petite, va devant Camille.For the picture, since you are smaller, go in front of Camille.   Derrià ¨re le bois, il y a un cheminBehind the wood, there is a path Aprà ¨s and Derrià ¨re Are Not Interchangeable So, what is the difference between the two sentences aprà ¨s le bois, il y a un chemin and derrià ¨re le bois, il y a un chemin? They both give a piece of space-related information, but one is more precise, just like in English. Same exact logic applies to avant versus devant. Aprà ¨s Que Indicative / Avant Que Subjunctive A common mistake is Aprà ¨s que plus a subjunctive. Its a very common mistake, even among French people, because honestly, the indicative sounds terrible there. Avant que is followed by the subjunctive  because we dont yet know if the action is going to become a reality. With Aprà ¨s que, the action has taken place already: there is no doubt left, hence no need for the subjunctive. Aprà ¨s que subjunctive sounds so bad to a French ear that we will do our best to use a noun instead of a verb after. You can use the same trick with avant que et avoid using a subjunctive. Je dois commencer aprà ¨s quil part. (or aprà ¨s son dà ©part)I must start after he leaves (or after his departure). Je dois commencer avant quil parte (or avant son dà ©part).I must start before he leaves (or before his departure) By the way, even if we use le derrià ¨re in French (although this is extremely polite, just like saying the behind in English), French people use the preposition derrià ¨re without thinking about it at all. Just like in English you use behind without thinking about that part of the anatomy.

Aral Sea Essays

Aral Sea Essays Aral Sea Essay Aral Sea Essay Struggle and conflicts for water among people are unavoidable. Situation is no different in developed and developing countries. Developed countries like Belgium, Great Britain, Poland, Singapore, and North America are already feeling water stress. It becomes difficult for rivers and groundwater resources in UK to satisfy the augmented water demands of summer heat. Similarly in USA, agricultural requirements are fighting for their share with urban needs of water. Different states in India are fighting for their share of water bodies. Chinese farmers are sacrificing their water needs to feed urban demands of cities. Less water for irrigation means less food grains production and eventually a global food crisis. Shared water resources among countries will add to this fight. For instance Africa, where the conditions are already worse, will see different countries fighting for the Nile, Zambezi, Niger, and Volta river basins to meet their water needs. Similarly Aral Sea Basin for Central Asia and rivers like Amu Darya and Syr Darya will be a subject of conflict among Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The US and Mexico also share cold space over the Colorado River (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†; Ch. 3. 3 ). Pollution has been the biggest enemy of rivers, lakes and other freshwater resources. Many rivers and lakes today are nothing more than garbage dumps. Industries discard their toxic chemical wastes in the water resources. Use of toxic chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture is polluting ground water resources. People will use 70% of surface freshwater available in rivers and lakes by 2025 which at present is 54%. This will disturb the whole balance of nature and other aquatic ecosystems and their inhabitants. Ecosystems like wetlands are of enormous importance. They help human beings in different ways serving as flood regulators, waste filtration systems and natural flora and fauna habitats. Mismanagement of water resources has led to the extinction of numerous species of invaluable freshwater fish. Damage done is irreversible. Trees are vital for water conservation as they replenish groundwater, protect soil erosion and balance the hydrological cycle. Growing population and industrialization is eating away forests at an alarming rate adding to the problems (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†; ch. 4). Millions of people are dying around the world due to the unavailability of clean and safe water for their daily requirements. Situation is more disappointing in developing countries where major diseases and deaths occur because of water related diseases. Water borne diseases are caused from contaminated water. Unclean water for drinking and not enough water for sanitation give rise to water borne diseases like cholera, typhoid, shigella, polio, meningitis, and hepatitis A and E claiming millions of lives every year. Disposal of human and animal wastes in freshwater resources infects the water and hence leads to the spread of diseases. Industrial and agricultural chemical wastes in water can lead to diseases like cancer. Authorities should take steps to provide clean water for drinking, cooking and personal hygiene. Provision of proper sanitation facilities is also very important for appropriate waste disposal. Another set of diseases is called water based diseases spread by flukes, tapeworms, roundworms and tissue nematodes that live in contaminated water. Diseases like guinea worm (dracunculiasis), paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, and schistosomiasis (bilharzia) fall under this category. These diseases are more common in areas near Dams. Keeping a distance from unhygienic water and food can help prevent thee diseases from spreading. Water-related vector diseases are spread by mosquitoes, tsetse flies and other insects that carry infections. These carriers live in foul and unclean water and cause diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, sleeping sickness, and filariasis. Using pesticides to kill these insects and wiping out their breeding grounds like dirty and stagnant water helps preventing these diseases. Trachoma, leprosy, tuberculosis, whooping cough, tetanus, and diphtheria are the diseases that spread due to insufficient water for maintaining personal hygiene. These can be prevented by providing enough water for sanitation (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†; ch. 5). Water conservation and proper use is very important for ensuring adequate availability of water to everyone on this earth including flora and fauna. Every area needs improvement and water management. Water used for irrigation in agriculture needs foremost attention. A lot of water is wasted while reaching crops through irrigation systems. Some of it gets recovered as groundwater but majority of it gets contaminated by chemicals. On one side inadequate water for irrigation limits land use and crop yield while on the other side excess of water in the fields can lead to water logging and salinization and hence destruction of land and crops. Irrigation techniques like drip irrigation and low-energy precision application (LEPA) can improve irrigation efficiency considerably. Drip irrigation lowers the wastage of water and is getting widely adopted. LEPA is an efficient form of sprinkler system leading to water conservation and increased food production. Water harvesting by collecting water in rainy season and using in dry season is also an attractive option for poor countries. Treated urban wastewater can also be used for irrigation. Israel is famous for its urban wastewater reuse for agriculture purpose. Stopping deforestation and planting more and more trees also helps in water conservation (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†; ch. 6). Water in industries must be recycled and used again and again to save precious natural resource. Many industries employ these techniques to conserve water. Chemicals, iron and steel, and pulp and paper are some of the industries that must pay attention to their water usage and adopt water conservation techniques. In household, people must save water and use it sensibly. We will have to pay the price of wasting water uselessly when in excess sooner or later. Only needed quantity of water must be used. Municipal corporations must ensure that their water transit systems are efficient enough not to waste water and maximum share must reach consumers. Leakage from pipes and illegal tapping must be checked. Laws to prevent stealing and wastage of water must be formulated by the authorities (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†; ch. 6. 2). Population growth is the biggest challenge to be dealt with for saving water. Growing population at unregulated rates is a major problem especially in developing countries that already face water scarcity. It is very important for people to adopt family planning measures to keep a check on the rising population. Authorities must also educate people and spread awareness about the harms of unregulated births. They must inform people about the family planning measures and offer every kind of medical and financial help to achieve this objective (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†; ch. 6. 5). Techniques like pressurization of seawater, filtration via carbon nanotubes, and reverse osmosis can be used for desalinization of water to add to fresh water. Presently these treatments are very expensive. Promotion of vegetarian eating habits and saltwater agriculture on coastlines is needed (â€Å"Water†). Efforts are required on international, national and regional levels for water conservation. Countries must formulate policies and must support each other’s initiatives to create a better living place. Money and resources are essential and developed countries must support developing countries (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†; ch. 7). Save water! Its precious! Hinrichsen, D. , Robey, B. , and Upadhyay, U. D. â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†. Population Reports, Series M, No. 14. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Population Information Program, December 1997. November 23, 2008 infoforhealth. org/pr/m14/m14chap1. shtml#top â€Å"Water†. millennium-project. org. World Federation of UN Associations. November 23, 2008 millennium-project. org/millennium/Global_Challenges/chall-02. html

Teaching Personal Space to Children With Disabilities

Teaching Personal Space to Children With Disabilities   Children with disabilities, especially children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, have difficulty understanding and appropriately using personal space.  Its importance is significant since many of these young people when they reach adolescence, become particularly vulnerable to assault or predation because they are unaware of the social and emotional boundaries that are important in the general public.   Deep Pressure Some Children with ASD are what we call deep pressure, and they seek as much sensory input as they can get.  They will throw their arms around not only significant adults in their lives but sometimes to complete strangers.  I worked 5 years ago as a volunteer at a camp at Torino Ranch, maintained by the Torino Foundation.  Ã‚  When my camper came off the bus he threw his arms around me (we had never met,) and I ticked off deep pressure kid, which led to four days of success.  I used that sensory need to keep him calm and appropriate.  Still, these students need to learn appropriate interaction.   The Science of Personal Space Proximics, or the science of personal space, explores how we as humans and as social and ethnic groups use the space around us.  Research has found that in a typical person the amygdala responds negatively to the invasion of personal space.  Research has not been definitive on the effect of population density on the size of personal space, as reported by anthropologists, but this writer has experienced it.  In Paris, in 1985, I attended a concert at the Place de Concord.  There were somewhere in the range of 50 to 60 thousand people there.  Someone started to push at the outside (Word was out that they were thugs [clouchards].)  Amazingly, after several minutes of chanting Assis! Assis! (sit down) we sat down.  Probably a couple of thousand people.  I looked at an American Friend and said: In America, we would have had a fist fight. This, of course, is why its important for special education students to understand personal space.  Students with autism may resist everyone entering their personal space, but all too often their amygdala is not firing when someone comes into their space, and we know they cant understand another persons desire for personal space.   There are three things needed to help them learn this: A metaphor that can help them understand personal space.Modeling to show how we use personal space andExplicit instruction in the use of personal space.   The Metaphor: The Magic Bubble Typical children and typical human beings are able to write their own meta-narrative, the story of their life.  Face it, when a woman gets married she often has a lifetime of plans dancing in her head about the perfect wedding (or her mothers dream.)  Children with disabilities, especially children with autism spectrum disorders, are unable to write those meta-narratives.  That is why Social Stories (TM) or Social Narratives (my name) are so powerful.  They use visual images, a story and often the childs own name.  I will be changing the name in the original document for the children I will use it with. I created the social narrative, Jeffies Magic Bubble, to support students with autism spectrum disorders.  It uses the metaphor a magic bubble to define the invisible space around each of us that is also called personal space.  Children with disabilities love to play with bubbles, so using it as a metaphor will provide a visible understanding of what that space is like.   Modeling Once the model is established by reading the book, make a game of magic bubbles.  Have children spin and identify the edge of their bubbles (arms length is a good compromise between intimate and familiar personal space.) Practice welcoming others into their magic bubbles by putting hands out and greeting others with a handshake. Hi, Im Jeffie.  Nice to meet you.   Make a game of Magical Bubbles by giving students clickers and having others come as close as they can without stepping inside another childs personal bubble.  The student in their Magic Bubble will click when they think the other student or students enter their bubble. Explicit Instruction Read the book Jeffies Magic Bubble aloud as a group.  If students need individual instruction (so they are better at paying attention to personal space) you will want to read it to those students over and over again.   After reading each page, have students practice:  when you get to crossing arms and hands on hips, have them practice.  When you read about Jeffie saying NO!  practice saying NO!  Practice asking friends for a hug.   Be sure that you recognize students who respect each others personal space.  You might want each child to have a magic bubble chart.  Hand out stickers or stars for each time you catch them asking to enter another childs space, or asking another student politely to move outside of their personal space.

Burke's Distinction and Public Representation Article

Burke's Distinction and Public Representation - Article Example Although public opinion is downplayed in this relationship, it certainly has its place in terms of public representation simply because the electorate must feel placated. The primary role of a public representative is, however, to understand the difference between opinion and interest, and to legislate with the best interests of the people in mind. Public representatives must work to find a balance between the focus of opinion and interest. Edmund Burke described the mentality of human society as being based on two basic principles: the people's interests and the people's opinions. These have been the foundation of Burke's Distinction, a theoretical framework of behaviour that has been used to study economics and politics as they pertain to public will and necessity. Burke's Distinction refers to the distinct forces of both interest and opinion, and describes how these forces relate to one another in terms of human character and motivation (Gargarella, 2001, 13). Burke's reference to people's interests is his idea that political or economic change will come as a result of successful government that understands the basic difference between whim and necessity. ... existence and unrestricted by conscious efforts, public interest has always been and will always remain fundamentally the same in that it must be addressed for survival purposes (Stanlis, 1958, 179). Public interest, in Burke's view, is therefore distinguished from public opinion because of its almost autonomous status (Hoffman et al, 1956, 177). Whether Burke's Distinction is called upon to analyse politics or economics, the force of public interest is always the scientific factor involved in the analysis. This is important because proper scientific breakdown can show how public interest is different from public opinion quickly and easily; although often the motivations behind the two are the same, Burke's Distinction shows which issues demand the attention of a governing body and which may simply be trendy at the time. Public opinion subsequently can be used to represent not only the popular opinion of a community but often the result of mass misinformation. According to Burke, popular opinion is very often cultivated from small truths which are stretched and skewed to an unrecognisable state upon which people then begin to make judgements (Somerset and Burke, 1957, 89). This can relate to international affairs, internal issues, economy, political systems themselves and virtually any facet of public or private life. Burke doesn't necessarily suggest that group mentality is fundamentally different than individual mentality; he simply points out that what can in one person's mind be an issue worth gathering more information about becomes an escalated, un-researched issue in the hands of an entire society at once. While public representatives need to always keep an eye on public opinion (after all, public opinion equates to the outcome of an election)