Color Diagrams of Insect Organs and Internal Structures

Immigration Policy A Desirable Principle For...

Throughout American history, immigration policy, as Marcelo Suà ¡rez-Orozco notes, has been driven by the concern of whether or not newly admitted immigrants â€Å"would [be able to] contribute to the American project.† Current US immigration regulations, most notably, the criteria for Green Card eligibility established by the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), were drafted with this same fear in mind, and are based off of two principles that may be summarized as: family unification and talent attraction. Though there is much to be said on the topic of family unification, and the value of the family unit itself is a point of contention, for the sake of evaluating immigration criteria, this paper will take for granted that family unification is a desirable principle for establishing immigration criteria. Accordingly, the focus of this paper will be on the principle of talent attraction in immigration policy, the specifics of which are laid out by the INA as follows: First Preference: Priority Workers, including aliens with extraordinary abilities, outstanding professors and researchers, and certain multinational executives and managers Second Preference: Members of professions holding an advanced degree or persons of exceptional ability Third Preference: Skilled Workers, professionals and other qualified workers Fourth Preference: Employment creation immigrants (investors or entrepreneurs) These criteria are geared toward allowing only the most talented andShow MoreRelatedImport Inspection Council Of Indi Ministry Of Commerce And Industry Essay8725 Words   |  35 Pagesover the five Export Inspection Agencies (EIAs), one each at Chennai, Delhi, Kochi, Kolkata and Mumbai established by the Ministry of Commerce, Government of India, under Section 7 of the Act for the purpose of implementing the various measures and policies formulated by the Export Inspection Council of India. Activities and Achievements Export Certification Certification continues to be mandatory in the areas of fish fishery products, milk products, fresh poultry products, egg products, meatRead MoreCountry Risk Analysis of Nigeria8877 Words   |  36 PagesProcurement which seems to be a major concern across most sectors Here we are discussing about the corruption in Nigeria. There are some major points that show how much corrupted Nigeria is. These are location, accounting standards, anti-corruption policy credibility and enforceability, cultural difference, political leadership, political change and at home. Location This is because if it pays bribe in a particular country then it has to pay bribe in the neighboring country. Nigeria is a bribeRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pages...........................................................................37 Evolution of Social Welfare Ministry in India...............................................................................................................38 Table: Establishing an Independent Ministry of Social Welfare –Timeline .................................................................39 Subjects allocated to the Ministry of Social Justice Empowerment -India .................................................Read MorePiercing the Corporate Veil in Australia15211 Words   |  61 Pagesshareholders; and (v) courts pierce more frequently in a contract context than in a tort context. ____________________________________________________________ _________ I INTRODUCTION The House of Lords in Salomon v Salomon1 affirmed the legal principle that, upon incorporation, a company is generally considered to be a new legal entity separate from its shareholders. The court did this in relation to what was essentially a one person company. Windeyer J, in the High Court in Peate v Federal CommissionerRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescolonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend theRead MoreDefine the Manager Terrain28443 Words   |  114 Pagesto rationality in the real-life decision-making process; identifies various decision-making styles and biases and errors, two types of decision problems, two types of decisions and three decision conditions; and †¢ †¢ †¢ 2 MGT B240 Principles and Practices of Management †¢ identifies the advantages and disadvantages of group decisions and describes four techniques for improving group decision making. At the end of each section, you will find a self-test that helps you to evaluateRead MoreAn Impact Assessment of Science and Technology Policy on National Development of Nigeria61708 Words   |  247 PagesAN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA BY ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI October, 2 0 0 4 ii AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA BY ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI (MATRICULATION NO. 3081) A Dissertation Submitted to St. Clements University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Doctor of Philosophy in Management St. Clements University October, 2004 iii DECLARATION I declare thatRead MoreEssay about Bus 496 Exam Guide11506 Words   |  47 Pagesof the following are principles of good organizational governance, as established by Business Week, except: D) at least two directors are current or former company executives. /////CH 7 58) Strategy formulation B) requires coordination among a few individuals. 59) Which of these is true about strategy implementation? C) It is primarily an operational process. 60) Which of the following is a management issue central to strategy implementation? A) Devising policies B) Revising rewardRead MoreEthical Decision Making and Behavior13474 Words   |  54 Pageslikely it is that decision makers will take note of it and respond ethically.7 We can build moral intensity by doing the following: †¢ Illustrating that the situation can cause significant harm or benefit to many people (magnitude of consequences) †¢ Establishing that there is social consensus or agreement that a behavior is moral or immoral (e.g., legal or illegal, approved or forbidden by a professional association) †¢ Demonstrating probability of effect, that the act will happen and will cause harm orRead MoreH2O Can Expand Operations from Germany Into the Us30890 Words   |  124 Pagesand the strategic of human resource practices in the US. H20 major concern with expanding into the U.S would be, how well the HR benefits and compensation would work in the U.S although H20 is one of the best companies to work for in Germany. Establishing creditability coming from another country can be costly. Hiring new employees or transferring expats to the US can also be a time consuming process. The HR should have a budget on what they are looking to spend on their employees for payroll, benefits

Freud and Jungs Father/Son Relationship - 835 Words

FreudJung Introduction The relationship between Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud began in 1906 when Jung sent Freud a signed copy of his published studies. Unknown to Jung, Freud had already purchased his own copy of the book after hearing how favorably his name figured into the writings. Six months later, Freud sent a collection of his latest published essays to Jung in Zà ¼rich.(The Well-Documented Friendship of Carl Jung Sigmund Freud, 2014,p.1) When the two were finally able to meet in 1907 in Vienna, they sat and talked for thirteen hours straight.(Carr, J., 2012). From that day until 1909, their letters were filled with father-son references(Carr, J., 2012). Freud became a father figure to Jung(The Well-Documented†¦show more content†¦But also Freud has his own opinions about Jung’s interests.Freud dismissed Jung’s interest in religion and myths as being ‘unscientific.’(The Well-Documented Friendship of Carl Jung Sigmund Freud, n.d. ,p.4) After difference of ideas, some issues appears in their relationship. And it goes till last straw. Some issues that cause break-up Minna Bernays Freud’s wife’s sister Minna Bernays, told to Jung that she feels â€Å"sexual intimacy† to Freud. Jung never shared this information with Freud but according to Martin S. Fiebert, the revelation and initial deception had a profound impact on aspects of the Freud/Jung relationship.(F. Martin,2010) Anti-Semitism Freud apparently did not confront Jung directly and the issue of Jungs alleged anti-Semitism played a part in Freuds eventual distancing himself from Jung. As an example, Freud wrote to Rank in August, 1912 (Gay, 1988, p.231) and indicated that the problems with Jung reveal his failure to achieve an integration of Jews and anti-Semites on the soil of Psychoanalysis. Sabina Spielrein Sabina Spielrein falls in love with Jung when he is responsible doctor for her. And it comes to light with the letters that Sabina wrote her mother. Mutual Dream Analyses In his interview with Billinsky (1969, p. 42), Jung recalls, Freud had some dreams that bothered him very much. The dreams were about the triangle--Freud, his wife and his wifes younger sister. Freud had no idea I knew about theShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud and Carl Jung1331 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud and Carl Jung Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung begun their relationship in 1906, when Carl Jung sent Freud a copy of his signed published studies, But Jung did not know that Sigmund Freud actually already owned a copy (well-Documented). Jung looked up to Freud and saw him as a father figure (well-Documented). Freud became Jung’s Mentor. In 1909, Freud and Jung toured the United States, and this is were they had a few disagreement on the unconscious mind. Jung thought Freud was negativeRead MoreEssay on A Dangerous Method921 Words   |  4 PagesMethod, recounts the relationship between two psychiatry pioneers, Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, in the early part of the 20th century. Michael Fassbender as Jung, Viggo Mortensen as Freud, and Keira Knightley as Jung’s patient and future psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein. Its Jung around whom the story revolves, as a rising young intellect attempting to build on Freuds fledgling theories of psychoanalysis. In Cronenbergs version, we watch as their professional relationship evolves from student-teacherRead MoreEssay about Carl Gustav Jung1078 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluential not only in psychology, but in religion and literature as well. Jung was born on July 26, 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland, the only son of a Protestant clergyman. At the age of four his family moved to Basel. His childhood was a lonely one. Jung observed his parents and teachers and tried to understand their behavior, especially that of his father. The elder Jung had a failing belief in religion. Jung could never understand why. There were numerous relatives on either side of his familyRead MoreSigmund Freud And Carl Jung1830 Words   |  8 PagesPsychology July 15, 2015 Freud vs. Jung â€Å"One repays a teacher badly if one remains only a pupil. And why, then, should you not pluck at my laurels? You respect me; but how if one day your respect should tumble? Take care that a falling statue does not strike you dead! You had not yet sought yourselves when you found me. Thus do all believers -- Now I bid you lose me and find yourselves; and only when you have all denied me will I return to you.† (Nietzsche Quoted by Jung to Freud, 1912), [McGuire, 1974]Read MoreCarl Jung s Theory Of Psychology2234 Words   |  9 PagesSigmund Freud along with Carl Jung are among the main pioneers of psychology, they can be viewed as the early founders and most influential thinkers, as they contributed significantly to the modern science of psychology. They earnestly searched to understand the human psychological frailties in their entire lives trying to address and understand the human’s internal changes and struggles. This paper will compare and contrast Feud’s theories to those of Jung. Though their theories differ, they haveRead MoreCarl Jung and the Spiritual Anima and Animus1946 Words   |  8 Pagesout from Jung’s archetypes are the anima and animus. Von Franz states that both the anima and animus have four sub-topics: erotic, romantic, spiritual and wisdom/ transcendent. The spiritual aspect of the anima and animus is quite important in Carl Jung’s theor y (Von Franz). On, July 26, 1875 Carl Gustav Jung was born in Switzerland. Jung was the fourth child of Paul Achilles Jung and Emilie Preiswerk and of the four children he was the only surviving child (Cherry). During Jung’s childhoodRead MoreEssay on Theory of Analytical Psychology2821 Words   |  12 PagesRunning head: Theory of Analytical Psychology Research Paper PSYC 341 Carl Jung’s Theory of Analytical Psychology Psychology of Personality By A. M. Barnett January 17, 2006 Abstract Carl Gustav Jung was bone July 26, 1875 (Feist and Feist, 2002). He was blessed to be surrounded by an educated family, including clergymen. Carl Jung as a young man was a colleague of Freud. His life’s work was exploring the unconscious. Freud’s theory of the unconscious made the unconscious soundRead MoreJungian Theories Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pagesfriend and mentor Sigmund Freud: the psychoanalytical theories. Early on in his career Jung followed Freud and supported his theories, but as Jung found aspects of Freuds theories that he found disagreements with, Jung parted and formulated his own (Anthony). In turn, his theories would go beyond psychology and affect theology, philosophy, and anthropology, according to George H. Pollock in World Book Encyclopedia. Jung was born on July 26, 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland. Son to Johnannes Paul AchillesRead More The Life and Work of C.G. Jung Reconsidered Essay4204 Words   |  17 Pagescontributions to the fields of psychology, and philosophy as well. It can even be said, and has been, that Dr. Jung is the father of modern â€Å"new-age† thinking. He also laid the groundwork for those who were inspired by his thoughts, perhaps much in the way that he himself was originally inspired by Freud. Once again, while my original opinion of Dr. Jung caused me to â€Å"wonder how much of Jung’s work was truly visionary, and how much of it benefits from a positive hindsight bias because of the successes he wasRead More‘Describe and Evaluate Carl Jung’s Theory Concerning Personality Types and Show How They Might Usefully Help a Therapist to Determine Therapeutic Goals’4006 Words   |  17 Pages ‘Describe and evaluate Carl Jung’s theory concerning personality types and show how they might usefully help a therapist to determine therapeutic goals’ Page 1 Introduction In this essay I aim to demonstrate an understanding of Jung’s personality types by describing and evaluating his theory and to show how they might useful in helping a therapist to determine therapeutic goals. I will also look at some of the criticisms levelled at Jung’s theory. Carl Gustav Jung,

Swot Analysis And Johari Window - 1750 Words

Swot Analysis and Johari Window Guggula, Amarender Reddy California University of Management and Sciences Dr. Bernard Grenway SWOT ANALYSIS: †¢ Swot Analysis is a technique that empowers a team or individual to move from regular issues and traditional procedures to new prospective. †¢ Swot analysis helps us analyze the strengths and weakness, and the opportunities and threats of a particular business organization. †¢ The Swot Analysis system is a very important and helpful tool to use in marketing management and different business application. †¢ As an essential device its authority is a fundamental requirement for the advertiser, entrepreneur or specialist. †¢ This technique was created by Albert Humphrey has done a research project at Stanford university during the 1970’s. †¢ This tool is specially used to determine the strengths, weakness, opportunities threats of a business organization. Strengths: †¢ The characteristics of the group or team or a business that can overcome the competition with other companies in the present trending market. †¢ The capabilities of the team, product quality and their service, financial resources. †¢ Examples: good marketing skills, proper management skills, dedicated employees, surplus financial resources, thrive to maintain the brand name, maintain lower prices than other companies in the market. Weakness: †¢ The place where the firm has a disadvantage with other competitors. †¢ Weaknesses is the factor which doesn’tShow MoreRelatedPersonal And Academic Experience At My Bachelor Degree1550 Words   |  7 Pagesnot confident enough of what I say even in a daily communication. After every lecture, my cohort and myself would go outside or get a coffee. I have been to quiet standing amongst them only listening and having no argument to express. JoHari Window Free area Confident Problem Solver Leadership skills Soul of the team Optimist Blind area Responsible Honest Literate Critical thinking Confidential Credible Self-respectedRead MoreEssay on Notes on Strategic Management1535 Words   |  7 PagesSome of the tools the lecturer recommended and I have used to evaluate myself are: 1. A personal and professional skills test 2. A learning style questionnaire (Honey and Mumford 1936) 3. A VARK test. 4. A Myers Brigg test 5. A Johari Window 6. A personal SWOT analysis The personal and professional skills test: was done in class with the lecturer and was done in paper. It was a test conducted to identify ones skills personally, professionally and academically. It was a three part test where weRead MorePersonal and Professional Skill Analysis Essay2290 Words   |  10 Pagesassessment and self development will be defined along with the importance of them for a manager in a corporate environment. Section 2 will be used to identify our own self through a SWOT analysis, which details out personally and professionally and the importance of getting feedback from others through the Johari Window Model. Section 3 will help us understand where we stand when it comes to our current state of self, knowledge, role and skills compared to our future personal goals and objectives.Read MoreAnalysis of Strategic Direction of the Organisation Business3402 Words   |  14 PagesAnalysis Of Strategic Direction Of The Organisation Business Essay Strategy is a word of military origin and now refers to a plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal. In military usage strategy is distinct from tactics, which are concerned with the conduct of an engagement, while strategy is concerned with how different engagements are linked. Strategy is a certain course of action to meet designed goals and objectives, generally supposed to remain unchanged for a fairly long time periodRead MoreHy Dairies Case1044 Words   |  5 Pagesshe is being â€Å"sidelined† because the company did not want women or minorities in top level management positions. âž ¢ When: Within the next few days, before she is assigned to her new job. âž ¢ To Whom do they make recommendation: Syd Gilman Analysis A. Issues and Symptoms (cause and effects) OB issue: Potential sexist and racist practices Evidence: 1. At Beauport’s previous job she was told that women would not be able to handle a marketing management job. 2Read MoreMintzberg Schools of Thought1241 Words   |  5 PagesArchitecture as a metaphor. Contributions Order. Reduced ambiguity. Useful in relatively stable environment Support strong and visionary leadership. The Planning School A formal process A rigorous set of steps are taken, from the analysis situation to the execution of the strategy Gives clear direction. Enables resource allocation. Control The Positioning School An analytical process It places the business within the context of its industry and looks at how the organisationRead MoreEssay about Skills for Tomorrow4028 Words   |  17 Pagesformed. To fully understand why the organization wasn’t heading down the path to success many different tools were used to help analyze the situations. Models such as the service profit chain, MARS model, big five personality traits and the Johari window were used to understand the behavior of the employees at Harrisburg. Skills for Tomorrow was able to generate three different alternatives each bringing advantages and disadvantages to face. The first alternative is to implement weekly teamRead MoreTen Schools of Thoughts of Strategic Management1641 Words   |  7 Pagesinherently complex. Bypassing learning. Inflexible. Weak in fast changing environment. There is the risk of resistance (not-invented-here behavior). Typical / compare: SWOT Analysis | Ashridge Mission Model 2. The Planning School. This school sees strategy formation as a formal process. Approach: A rigorous set of steps are taken, from the analysis of the situation to the execution of the strategy. Basis: Urban planning, system theory, cybernetics. In short: Formalize! Strategy should be like a machine.Read MoreProfessional Development For Strategic Managers2276 Words   |  10 Pagesother people and do their own work. The need to multi-task means it is essential to prioritise tasks, handle interruptions and get rid of â€Å"time wa sters.† It is essential to learn say â€Å"No† to some things and delegate work. Tools like calendars and Johari Window (See Appendix D) can be used. (B7 in Table 1 above.) †¢ Problem solving – The scientific research sector is changing at an exponential rate and all staff constantly need to deal with changes, solve new problems and justify expenditure on newer technologiesRead MoreUNIT 5.3 PEOPLE MANAGEMENT Essay examples4957 Words   |  20 Pagesthey were chosen for their proven value to motivate people in the workplace. Together they provide valuable insight into human behaviour and can help managers understand and motivate individuals’ thereby increasing job performance. For example Johari Window theory indicates that people often enjoy events which include new non-work activities, especially when bosses and superiors take part in the same teams as their junior staff, which also helps cohesiveness and can-do culture. 4.2 Different

What Pros Arent Saying About Do My Powerpoint Presentation for Me and What This Means For You

What Pros Aren't Saying About Do My Powerpoint Presentation for Me and What This Means For You A Startling Fact about Do My Powerpoint Presentation for Me Uncovered You have to spend several days or even weeks on producing the ideal presentation for the approaching exam or distinctive event. You should know that each presentation you get from us is prepared specially for you, as a result of your instructions and individual suggestions. You should be somewhat skilled as a way to create such a presentation. Your presentation is going to be written according to all of your specifications and exceed your expectations. A Startling Fact about Do My Powerpoint Presentation for Me Uncovered The very first method to put in a slide is to right-click the region under where your very first slide is situated and select `New Slide'. You are going to see your new slide appear to the left under the very first, as well come to be the massive slide that it is possible to edit. 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Fire 2 Essay Example For Students

Fire 2 Essay IntroductionFire is a topic on which most people can comment. Fire is a widespread phenomenon. Most of us have seen fires in natural vegetation, or their effects; stark, blackened vegetation or a smoke pall. Because fires such as these can have damaging economic and social effects, can spoil forestry timber, can burn down houses and farms, and can kill people and animals, there has been a lot written about wildfires. Added to this wide perception of the damage that can be caused by wildfires, there has been increasing publicity given, since the 1950s, to the active use of fire as a management tool, particularly in protecting against severe wildfires. The introduction of a policy of deliberate burning as a management tool has a fascinating history, especially in the United States Forest Service, but the ecological effects of prescribing a fixed burning regime on large tracts of land are increasingly being questioned (Lyons, 1985, 3). To an ecologist, fire can be treated as just one of the many factors in an environment. It compares with droughts, floods, hurricanes and other physical disturbances because of the direct impact it makes on organisms. Unlike these physical factors, however, fire as a disturbing force is itself influenced by the biota, particularly the plant community. Alteration of the vegetation by any number of factors can influence the nature of a subsequent fire. Fire has similarities to grazing as a force on vegetation because of such feedback effects (Whelan, 1995, 20). Fire HistoryWhen cavemen learned to make and use fire, they could start to live in civilized ways. With fire, they were able to cook their food so that it was easier to eat and tasted better. By the light of torches, men could more easily find their way at night. They could also improve their wooden tools by hardening the points in fire. With fire to keep them warm, they could live in the colder regions and spread out over the Earth (CD-ROM, 1996). It is supposed that early people got fire accidentally from trees set ablaze by lightning or from spouting volcanoes. Then they carefully kept it burning in huts or caves. As far back as the study has gone, primitive peoples have never been found without fire for warmth and cooking. Fire also protected them from wild beasts (CD-ROM, 1996). In time people discovered how to create fire by rubbing dry sticks together. Then they invented bow drills to aid the process. When they began to chip flint to make axes, they found that hot sparks came from the stone. From this they later developed the flint-and-steel method of fire making. Later it was found that fire could be made by focusing the suns rays with a lens or curved mirror (CD-ROM, 1996). People remained ignorant of the true character of fire until 1783. In that year the great French chemist Antoine Lavoisier investigated the properties of oxygen and laid the foundation for modern chemistry (CD-ROM, 1996). Lavoisier showed that ordinary fire is due to the chemical process called oxidation, which is the combination of a substance with oxygen. He disproved the earlier phlogiston theory. The phlogiston theory held that when an object was heated or cooled it was due to a mysterious substance (phlogiston) that flowed into or out of the object in question (CD-ROM, 1996). Since fires are due to oxidation, they need air to burn properly, and a flame will go out after it has used up the oxygen in a closed vessel. Almost anything will combine with oxygen if enough time is allowed. Iron will rust if exposed long to damp air, and the rust is simply oxidized iron. When the chemical combination is so rapid that it is accompanied by a flame, it is called combustion (CD-ROM, 1996). Ignition Point or Kindling TemperatureHeat is required to start combustion. The degree of temperature at which a substance will catch fire and continue to burn is called its ignition point or its kindling point. A substance that can be ignited in the air is said to be flammable (or inflammable). The flash point of a flammable liquid is lower than its ignition point. The flash point is the temperature at which it gives off sufficient vapor to flash, or flame suddenly, in the air. It is not the temperature at which the substance will continue to burn (CD-ROM, 1996). When primitive peoples rubbed two sticks together to kindle a fire, they discovered without knowing it that the ignition point of wood is usually quite high. They had to use enough energy to create a good deal of heat before flames appeared. The tip of a match is composed of chemicals that, under ordinary circumstances, have a low ignition point. The heat created by scratching it once on a rough surface is enough to start combustion. It must be remembered, however, that the temperature needed to sustain combustion can vary with the condition of the substance and the pressure of the air or other gases involved, as well as with laboratory test methods (CD-ROM, 1996). Lowering the Temperature Puts Out FireAfter a fire has started, it will be self-supporting only when the temperature created by the combustion of the burning substance is as high or higher than its ignition point. This is one of the most important laws of fire. Some very hard woods, such as ebony, require a great deal of heat to burn. If the end of a stick of ebony is placed in a coal fire, it will burn. When it is drawn out, the fire of the smoldering ebony itself is lower in temperature than the ignition point of the wood. The flames thus will die (Lyons, 1985, 5). This principle explains why a match can be blown out. Ones breath carries away the heat, and the temperature falls below the ignition point of the matchstick. The stream of water from a firefighters hose cools the burning walls of a building with a similar result (Lyons, 1985, 5). The heat of a fire depends on the speed with which chemicals combine with oxygen. This speed depends generally on the quantity of oxygen present. If a lit match is touched to a small piece of iron wire, it will not burn. If a tip of a match is fastened to the end of the wire, struck, and plunged quickly into a jar of pure oxygen, the wire will catch fire and burn, with bright sparks shooting off briskly (Lyons, 1985, 6). Fire Without FlameFire may burn either with or without flames. A flame always indicates that heat has forced gas from a burning substance. The flames come from the combination of this gas with oxygen in the air. When a coal fire flames, it does so because gas is being forced from the coal, and the carbon and hydrogen in the gas combine with oxygen. If kept from burning, such gas can be stored. Manufactured gas is forced from coal in airtight kilns, or retorts. The product left after the gas is extracted from coal is called coke. Coke will burn without flame because no gas is driven off. In order to burn, the carbon in the coke combines directly with oxygen (Lyons, 1985, 8). It is the gas given off by the heated wax in a candle that produces the bright flame. When a burning candle is blown out, for example, a thin ribbon of smoke will arise. If a lighted match is passed through this smoke an inch (2.5 centimeters) above the wick, a tiny flame will run down and relight the candle (Lyon s, 1985, 8). Pearl Harbor EssayThe Natural Greenhouse EffectOn a planet with no atmosphere, the infrared radiation emitted by its surface would go straight out to space. But on Earth, things are very different. The Earths atmosphere has several gases that have the ability to absorb infrared radiation. This means that much of the infrared radiation emitted by the surface is captured before it gets out to space. As they absorb long-wave energy from the surface, these gases heat up, making the air warmer. This is roughly the same thing that happens inside a greenhouse on a sunny day, and why it is called the greenhouse effect. As you might expect, the gases that do this are called greenhouse gases (On-line, 1998). The atmospheres main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone (O3), and water vapor (H2O). Together they make up less than one-tenth of one percent of the atmospheres total volume. The rest of the atmosphere contains mostly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), neither of which trap much heat. The greenhouse gases are present in the atmosphere in just trace amounts. Even so, they have an extremely important role in determining climate. By trapping heat, they keep Earths thermostat set at an average temperature of +15 C. Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature would be 33C colder than it is now, and Earth would be a lot more like Mars-a frozen, dusty, lifeless planet (On-line, 1998). The natural greenhouse effect gives Earth an average temperature of +15C. Obviously, it isnt a steady +15 C everywhere on the planet. Some places are perpetually frozen, such as the polar ice caps. Others are constantly hot and humid, as in the tropical rai n forests. Other regions, like here in Canada, have highly variable seasonal climates-warm, wetsummers; long, cold winters. What is clear is that climate varies widely from place to place on the planet (On-line, 1998). Why do climates vary so much from place to place? The differences arise because the suns heat is not distributed evenly over the entire planet. Complicated interactions between the greenhouse effect, wind and ocean currents, land masses, elevation, and the many other factors distribute this heat around the planet in a way that creates the wide diversity of climates we can see. The interactions are so complex that they are nearly impossible to describe accurately, even with the help of the most powerful supercomputers (On-line, 1998). Natural Climate ChangeWe are surrounded by clues that climates have been different in the past. Many landscapes in Canada show traces of the last Ice Age, a time when climates were much colder than now. At the same time, fossils of tropical plants and animals have been found all over Canada, even in the high arctic. Clearly, the climates we now experience are different than those in the past. When did climate change in the past, and by how much (On-line, 1998)?The following graph shows the variations in global temperatures, going back one-million years. It shows that warm periods occurred roughly every 100,000 years, with colder periods in between. It was during those cold periods that the great continental ice sheets advanced, spreading over much of the North American continent each time (On-line, 1998). Figure 1 Variations in Global Temperatures Over the Last Million Years (On-line, 1998). The next graph shows how climates have changed in the past 1000 years. It shows that around 800 years ago, there was a 300-year warm spell. This was a time when Greenland was actually green (Europeans were farming there), and grapes and other warm-climate fruits could be grown on the British Isles (On-line, 1998). Figure 2Global Temperatures Over the Last 1000 Years (On-line, 1998)The graph above also shows that around 400 years ago, the global climate was approximately 1-2 degrees colder than now. It was a time when winters were longer, and glaciers advanced dramatically. The Vikings had to abandon their farms on Greenland, and withdraw from Eastern Canada, where they had also settled. This period is known as the Little Ice Age. It is clear that climates change naturally on their own. What has caused these changes? Scientists all over the world are studying this problem, and are coming up with many theories. Many natural events appear to have altered global climates, including meteo rite impacts, volcanic eruptions, and changes in the compositions of the earths atmosphere (On-line, 1998). The most important factor seems to be composition of the atmosphere, which affects the intensity of the Earths greenhouse effect. Scientists now know that many changes in past climates seem to occur at the same time that changes in the concentration of CO2 also occurred. When the Earths average global temperature has risen or fallen, CO2 concentrations have moved in a similar pattern (On-line, 1998). The last graph shows changes in temperature have been mirrored by changes in the two important greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane. It shows that for every peak in average global temperature, there was a corresponding peak in greenhouse gases (On-line, 1998). The relationship between global temperatures and composition of the atmosphere has scientists extremely concerned. Human activities are rapidly increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In fact, scientists now believe that if anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions of greenhouse gases are not significantly reduced, the Earth will warm at a rate faster than at any time in the 10,000 years that represent human history (On-line, 1998). Climate is usually something humans take for granted. It changes far too slowly for us to notice on a day-to-day basis. But by looking at long-term climate records, and with new techniques for determining ancient climates from ice, sediments, and other natural deposits, we can see climates have changed dramatically in the past. We can also see that some of the changes humans are making to the atmosphere and to landscapes are beginning to have noticeable effects on global climates. We now have to think about protecting the Earths climate system the same way we do about protecting other important parts of the environment, like water, air and soil (On-line, 1998). Figure 3Location of t he Principle F ire Events in 1 998 (On- l ine, 1998)ConclusionsFire provides the material well-being of the people in the industrial countries of the world. Heat from the burning of fuel converted into electrical and mechanical energy does practically all the work of these economies. However, the worlds population has a fire problem. Americans and Canadians lose property and life to fire at twice the rate of people in comparable circumstances in other industrial nations. The table below illustrates the fatalities due to fire in various nations (Payne, 1989, 56). Table 1Fire Caused Fatalities in Various Nations (Deaths per 100,000 pop.) (Payne, 1989, 56)Nation19741976-78Latest ReportCanada3.63.22.9United States2.92.92.8Sweden 1.61.51.6Japan1.51.5United Kingdom1.51.51.5France 1.51.51.5Australia1.50.8Germany0.90.90.9Switzerland0.70.60.7ReferencesComptons Interactive Encyclopedia: On compact disc (1996) CD-ROM. Lyons, John W. (1985). Fire. New York: Scientific American Library. Payne, Charles A., Falls, William R., Whidden, Charles J. (1989). Physical Science (5thed.). Iowa: Wm. C. Brown Publishers. Whelan, Robert J. (1995). The Ecology of Fire. Great Britain: Cambridge UniversityPress. United Nations Environment Program. On-line. Available:http://www.grid.unep.ch/fires/On-line. Available:http://www.piad.ab.ca

Literature review and sustainable construction Essay Example For Students

Literature review and sustainable construction Essay Outline1 Literature Review2 Sustainable Construction3 The Triple Bottom Line of Sustainable Construction4 The aims of these three subjects are ( Constructing Excellence, 2004 ) :5 Peoples6 Planet7 Net income8 Schemes and Drivers for Sustainable Construction9 Schemes for sustainable Construction10 Drivers for Sustainable Construction11 Improved engineering12 Requirements from funding organic structures13 Business advantage14 On-site Practices for Sustainable Construction15 Waste Management16 Waste Segregation17 Waste Recycling and Reusing18 Buying Policy with Suppliers19 Energy Reduction/Efficiency20 Reduce Energy Consumption for Site Services21 Maximise Efficiency of Plant, Equipments and Machineries22 Reduce Transportation for Materials Delivery23 Water Conservation/minimisation24 Water Conservation25 Dry Construction26 Use and Procurement of Construction Materials and Components Literature Review Literature reappraisal consists of supplying the writer cognition about the research country that is being undertaken. It shows what writers have to state about the research country and to knock plants done antecedently, this is to be related to the subject country and to place the cardinal issues as portion of the survey. Harmonizing to Dr S.G. Naoum ( 2007 ) there are five chief activities involved in set abouting a literature reappraisal: Knowing the beginnings of information. Understanding how the library plants. Roll uping bing cognition on the topic, reading and note-taking. Systematically organizing the literature. Measuring and composing up the literature reappraisal. The literature reappraisal is conducted through primary and secondary research. Research can be conducted by utilizing text editions, diaries, newspapers, magazines and web sites and besides online databases. Following structured and extended literature reappraisals, cardinal issues to sustainable building and building SMEs studied which consequence in designation of barriers associated with implementing sustainable building by SME contractors. Such barriers are divided into six classs. These are cost, clip, people, engineering, market and jurisprudence. The literature reappraisal is two separate subjects of sustainable building and building SMEs . Both subjects provide the writer with in deepness cognition about development and issues refering sustainable building, every bit good as the nature and features of building SMEs and their attacks to building inventions. Uniting the apprehension and cognition from both positions, the writer carry out deeper geographic expedition into the barriers faced by the building SMEs in implementing sustainable building techniques and patterns. The barriers found in the literature are categorized under 6 cardinal barriers of cost, clip, people, engineering, market and jurisprudence. These will organize chief inquiries in primary research. Sustainable Construction Within the UK building industry, the construct of sustainable building has emerged as a consequence of turning concerns on the environmental and societal impacts created by the building activities. By definition, sustainable building is ( Khalfan, M.M.A, 2002: 15 ) : The creative activity and responsible direction of healthy built environment based on resources efficient and ecological rules . In general, sustainable building is used to depict the application of sustainable development within the context of the built environment. The treatment and practise about sustainable building frequently focus on the efficient procedures of building, usage of stuffs, handiness of engineering and other proficient side, which does non compromise the wellness of the environment or the associated wellness of the edifice residents, builders, the general populace or future coevalss ( Rhydin, Y. A ; Vandergert, P, 2006: 5 ) The Triple Bottom Line of Sustainable Construction It is of import to admit and place the other facets of sustainable building. As a whole, sustainable building comprises of three wide subjects of people, planet and net income frequently known as the ternary underside line . The aims of these three subjects are ( Constructing Excellence, 2004 ) : Peoples To recognize the demands of everyone impacted by building, from origin of a undertaking to destruction. The list includes building site workers, local communities, the supply concatenation and people that will utilize the finished merchandise. Planet To protect the planet from the impact of emanations and waste affair and where possible, to heighten it and utilize natural resources, carefully. Net income To increase profitableness by doing more efficient usage of resources including labor, stuffs, energy and H2O. ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gcbl.org/economy ) Sustainable building takes history of these aims in a balanced manner at all phases of a building undertaking. However, within the context of this research, accent will be given the environmental facet of sustainable building, at production/construction stage. Schemes and Drivers for Sustainable Construction Schemes for sustainable Construction There are many mandatory schemes every bit good as voluntary. These are aimed to promote and implement sustainable building patterns in the building industry. One of the earliest schemes for alterations in the building industry has started with the publication of Rethinking Construction in July 1998, which is famously known as The Egan Report. This study has criticised the under-achievement of the building industry and hence, has urged for alterations and betterments in presenting building undertakings. Barn Burning Essay ConclusionWaste Recycling and Reusing Construction waste can be minimised by avoiding doing waste, recycling waste without recycling and recycling stuffs. ( WRAP ) Waste and Resources Action Programme advises that up to 30 % recycling and reusing can be achieved in building, at no extra cost for some undertakings. ( Kent Design Guide, 2006 ) . Re-used and recycled stuffs during building include sums, insularity, gypsum boards bricks, concrete roof tiles, particleboard blocks and reclaim lumber. The most effectual recycling chance of stuffs can be derived from the re-use of the bing site substructure component where possible. These include stuffs that are salvaged from bing building or destruction occupation such as steel and concrete. Meanwhile, other waste such as lumber, composition board, paper and besides green waste can be composed within a recycling country on-site. The compost produced can be used to heighten surface soil suitableness for usage within the landscape gardening. Wood come offing mulch produced from timber palettes. Besides off-cuts and surface soil can besides be re-used when possible within the landscape gardening to farther minimise waste. Buying Policy with Suppliers Integration coaction with providers can assist to understate waste through buying policy. Fresh stuffs and waste from packaging can be returned to the providers to be reused or recycled. The acceptance of ( JIT ) Just-in-Time bringing will besides lend to understate waste this is because so stuffs are ordered and delivered to demand. This will avoid waste ensuing from fresh stuffs and improper handling/storage. Energy Reduction/Efficiency Energy consumed on building site is chiefly for site services such as the site office and site lightings, usage of field, machineries and equipment besides transit chiefly for stuffs bringing to and from the site. Reduce Energy Consumption for Site Services In order to cut down the energy measures for site services particularly for site office and site lighting, more energy efficient attack methods are encouraged. This includes utilizing energy efficient lighting and warming equipments, every bit good as the monitoring and commanding the energy usage harmonizing to demands. Maximise Efficiency of Plant, Equipments and Machineries Plant, equipment and machineries used on-site should be chosen for their high energy efficiency. Through good site direction and building planning, sharing of works, machineries and equipment among subcontractors and site workers can be achieved. This will assist to cut down energy every bit good as building costs. Reduce Transportation for Materials Delivery Transportation system histories for 25 % of UK CO2 emanations and about 10 % of national energy ingestion us used in the production and conveyance of building merchandises and stuffs. Two ways of cut downing transit used in building is through local sourcing for stuffs with other providers and efficient bringings. Number of stuffs delivered to site should be reduced by doing certain that full vehicle tonss are achieved through sharing bringings. Sourcing stuffs and labour locally will besides assist to cut down transit and convey cost and clip nest eggs every bit good. ( Constructing Excellence, 2004 ) . At the same clip, recycling destruction waste and stuffs can assist to cut down transit and hence cut down costs and pollution. Water Conservation/minimisation Use of H2O on-site can be reduced through application of H2O preservation techniques and Dry Construction methods. Water Conservation Harmonizing to Kibert ( 2005 ) , techniques such as the usage of low-flow plumbing fixtures, H2O recycling, rain H2O harvest home and drinkable H2O can assist to understate the usage of H2O. Water used for worker s hygiene and healthful can besides be reduced expeditiously through systems such as cistern misers which is boiler roll uping H2O and H2O board Hippo for urinal flowers. These techniques have been used successfully during the building of Princess Margaret Hospital in Swindon. Dry Construction The most effectual method for dry building is to utilize Modern Method of Construction such as pre-fabricated cladding systems and pre-manufactured units ( e.g. bathroom and kitchen cods ) . Advanced techniques under Thin building such as utilizing ready mix cement/concrete and dry plaster liners can besides lend to understating H2O used on-site. Use and Procurement of Construction Materials and Components Materials in building make up over half of all resource usage by weight. A sustainability issue deriving impulse in building industry therefore, is the usage of reclaimed and recycled stuffs. Pressures on landfill besides intend it is going progressively dearly-won to dispose of extra stuff get in building.